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ARV/HAART
/cART
  Therapeutic Strategies
 
General Challenges  
Starting Therapy
Switching Therapy 
Simplification Therapy 

Once-Daily Regimens  
Twice-Daily Regimens
Intensification Therapy
Mega-HAART
General Outcome Studies
Treatment-Experienced
  
Advanced HIV Disease
Intermittent Therapy
Monitoring
Directly Administered Therapy
 
Treatment Interruption

Salvage Therapy
Prevention

Discontinuation of Therapy  
PEP
PrEP

 

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Last Update:  March 07, 2018
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General Challenges
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Effect of Offering Same-Day ART vs Usual Health Facility Referral During Home-Based HIV Testing on Linkage to Care and Viral Suppression Among Adults With HIV in Lesotho: The CASCADE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Labhardt ND, Ringera I, Lejone TI,
JAMA. 2018 Mar 6
Abstract

Development of an oral once-weekly drug delivery system for HIV antiretroviral therapy.
Kirtane AR, Abouzid O, Minahan D,  et al
Nat Commun
. 2018 Jan 9;9(1):2.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Platelet function and cardiovascular risk in adult HIV-infected patients on HAART: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nkambule BB, Mkandla Z, Mutize T, Dludla PV.
BMJ Open. 2017 Dec 19;7(12):e019468
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Efficacy and safety of switching from branded to generic antiretrovirals in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.
Gianotti N, Poli A, Galli L, Franzin M,  et al
PLoS One
. 2017 Aug 1;12(8):e0182007.
Paper

A New HIV Paradigm: Dual Antiretroviral Regimens as Maintenance Therapy.
Soriano V, Peña JM.

AIDS Rev
. 2017 May 23;19(2).
.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Clinical decision tools are needed to identify HIV-positive patients at high risk for poor outcomes after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
McNairy ML, Abrams EJ, Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM.
PLoS Med
. 2017 Apr 18
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Current use of statins reduces risk of HIV rebound on suppressive HAART.
Drechsler H, Ayers C, Cutrell J, et al
PLoS One
. 2017 Mar 1;12(3):e0172175.
Paper

A HAART-Breaking Review of Alternative Antiretroviral Administration: Practical Considerations with Crushing and Enteral Tube Scenarios.
Huesgen E, DeSear KE, Egelund EF, et al
Pharmacotherapy
. 2016 Sep 16.
Abstract

BREATHER (PENTA 16) short-cycle therapy (SCT) (5 days on/2 days off) in young people with chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection: an open, randomised, parallel-group Phase II/III trial.
Butler K, Inshaw J, Ford D,  et al
Health Technol Assess. 2016 Jun;20(49):1-108.
Abstract

Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Kalapila AG, Marrazzo J.
Med Clin North Am
.
2016 Jul;100(4):927-950.
Abstract

Assessing the HIV Care Continuum in Latin America: progress in clinical retention, cART use and viral suppression.
Rebeiro PF, Cesar C, Shepherd BE, et al
J Int AIDS Soc. 2016 Apr 8;19(1):20636.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Dual Therapy Treatment Strategies for the Management of Patients Infected with HIV: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence in ARV-Naive or ARV-Experienced, Virologically Suppressed Patients.
Baril JG, Angel JB, Gill MJ, et al
PLoS One
. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148231.
Paper

Socioeconomic and clinical factors explaining the risk of unstructured antiretroviral therapy interruptions among Kenyan adult patients.
Mûnene E, Ekman B.
AIDS Care
. 2016 Feb 5:1-9.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Choice of antiretroviral drugs for continued treatment scale-up in a public health approach: what more do we need to know?
Vitoria M, Hill AM, Ford NP,  et al
J Int AIDS Soc
. 2016 Feb 2;19(1):20504.
Paper

Lipid-lowering therapy in HIV-infected patients: relationship with antiretroviral agents and impact of substance-related disorders.
Bednasz C, Luque AE, Zingman BS, et al  
Curr Vasc Pharmacol
. 2016 Jan 6.

Abstract


Reducing Viral Load Measurements to Once a Year in Patients on Stable, Virologically Suppressive Cart Regimen: Findings from the Australian HIV Observational Database.
Rafiee M, Kariminia A, Wright S, et al
J
AIDS Clin Res
.
2014 Dec;5(12).
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Neurological Response to cART vs. cART plus Integrase Inhibitor and CCR5 Antagonist Initiated during Acute HIV.
Valcour VG, Spudich SS, Sailasuta N,  et al 
PLoS One
. 2015 Nov 10;10(11):e0142600.
Paper
 

Computer-Aided Optimization of Combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy for HIV: New Drugs, New Drug Targets and Drug Resistance.
Zazzi M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Prosperi MC.
Curr HIV Res. 2015 Oct 28
Abstract

 

No evidence of posttreatment control after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
Gianella S, Anderson CM, Richman DD, et al

AIDS. 2015 Oct 23;29(16):2093-2097.
Abstract


Improving care for patients on antiretroviral therapy through a gap analysis framework.[Uganda]

Massoud MR, Shakir F, Livesley N,  et al
AIDS
. 2015 Jul;29 Suppl 2:S187-S194.

Abstract

Four days a week or less on appropriate anti-HIV drug combinations provided long-term optimal maintenance in 94 patients: the ICCARRE project.
Leibowitch J, Mathez D, de Truchis P,  et al
FASEB J. 2015 Apr 1
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Outcomes of second-line combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients: a cohort study from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Cardoso S, Luz P, Velasque L,  et al

BMC Infect Dis
. 2014 Dec 19;14(1):699.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
A Novel Acute Retroviral Syndrome Severity Score Predicts the Key Surrogate Markers for HIV-1 Disease Progression.
Braun DL, Kouyos R, Oberle C,  et al
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 9;9(12):e114111.
Paper

Preserving HIV-specific T cell responses: does timing of antiretroviral therapy help?
Macatangay BJ, Rinaldo CR.

Curr Opin HIV AIDS
. 2014 Nov 11
Abstract

Influence of the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Potential for Normalization of Immune Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1-Infected Individuals.
Okulicz JF, Le TD, Agan BK,  et al

JAMA Intern Med
. 2014 Nov 24
Abstract

The importance of viral blips and duration of therapy initiated in primary infection in maintaining viral control after stopping cART.
Fidler S, Olson A, Fox J, Phillips A,  et al

J Int AIDS Soc
. 2014 Nov 2;17(4(Suppl 3)):19820
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Use of third line antiretroviral therapy in Latin America.
Cesar C, Shepherd BE, Jenkins CA,
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 15;9(9):e106887.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Maximizing the benefits of antiretroviral therapy for key affected populations.
Grubb IR, Beckham SW, Kazatchkine M,  et al
J Int AIDS Soc
. 2014 Jul 18;17(1):19320
Paper

Assessment of Second-Line Antiretroviral Regimens for HIV Therapy in Africa.
Paton NI, Kityo C, Hoppe A,  et al

N Engl J Med
. 2014 Jul 17;371(3):234-47
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
The Clinical Impact of Continuing to Prescribe Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Advanced AIDS Who Manifest No Virologic or Immunologic Benefit.
Wohl DA, Kendall MA, Feinberg J, Alston-Smith B, et al

PLoS One
. 2013 Nov 15;8(11):e78676.
Paper

Legal, ethical, and economic implications of breaking down once-daily fixed-dose antiretroviral combinations into their single components for cost reduction.
Ramiro MA, Llibre JM.

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin
. 2013 Oct 16
.
Abstract

Beyond first-line HIV treatment regimens: the current state of antiretroviral regimens, viral load monitoring, and resistance testing in resource-limited settings.
Kumarasamy N, Krishnan S.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Oct 4.
Abstract

Treatment optimization: an outline for future success.
Flexner C, Plumley B, Brown Ripin DH.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Oct 4..
Abstract

Effective treatment of a highly active antiretroviral regimen through jejunostomy.
Florit-Sureda M, Giner-Soriano M,  et al
J Chemother. 2013 Sep 27..
Abstract

Immune activation and HIV persistence: implications for curative approaches to HIV infection.
Klatt NR, Chomont N, Douek DC, Deeks SG.|
Immunol Rev. 2013 Jul;254(1):326-42
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Management of HIV infection after triple class failure.
Cossarini F, Spagnuolo V, Gianotti N, et al

New Microbiol
. 2013 Jan;36(1):23-39.
Paper

Individualization of antiretroviral therapy.
Pavlos R, Phillips EJ
Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2012;5:1-17. .
Abstract

No advantage of quadruple or triple-class antiretroviral therapy as initial treatment in patients with very high viraemia.
Grijsen ML, Holman R, Gras L,  et al
Antivir Ther
. 2012 Aug 20..
Abstract

Neurocognitive Impact of Antiretroviral Treatment: Thinking Long-Term.
McPhail ME, Robertson KR.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011 Aug 12.
Abstract

Protective role of antiretroviral treatment in the impairment of renal function in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus patients.
Mérida L, De la Torre J, Olalla J, et al

Med Clin
(Barc)
. 2011 Mar 10.
Abstract

High Dose Atorvastatin Decreases Cellular Markers of Immune Activation without Affecting HIV-1 RNA Levels: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
Ganesan A, Crum-Cianflone N, Higgins J, et al
J Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15
Abstract

The impact of HIV drug resistance testing on changes to treatment.
Bansi L, Smith C, Phillips A,
et al
AIDS
. 2011 Feb
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Antiretroviral Therapy Optimisation without Genotype Resistance Testing: A Perspective on Treatment History Based Models.
Prosperi MC, Rosen-Zvi M, Altmann A, et al

PLoS One
. 2010 Oct 29;5(10):e13753
Paper

Role of fixed-dose combinations of antiretrovirals in HIV-1 therapy.
Llibre JM, Antela A, Arribas JR,  et al
|
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin
. 2010 Sep 29
Abstract

The prognosis of patients with dissociated virological and immunological responses to HAART.
Jevtović D, Salemović D, Ranin J,  et al

Biomed Pharmacother
. 2010 Sep 20.

Abstract

Optimal antiretroviral therapy: HIV-1 treatment strategies to avoid and overcome drug resistance.
Grant PM, Zolopa AR.

Curr Opin Investig Drugs
. 2010 Aug;11(8):901-10
Abstract

Doctor-patient concordance during HIV treatment switching decision-making.
Clucas C, Harding R, Lampe F,
et al
HIV Med
. 2010 Jun 17.
Abstract

Impact of antiretroviral treatment on (13)C-methionine metabolism as a marker of
hepatic mitochondrial function: a longitudinal study.
Banasch M, Frank J, Serova K,  et al

HIV Med
. 2010 May 23.
Abstract

Transient Lowering of the Viral Set Point After Temporary Antiretroviral Therapy of Primary HIV Type 1 Infection.
Steingrover R, Garcia EF, van Valkengoed IG,
 et al 
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
. 2010 Apr 8
Abstract

Predicting the magnitude of short-term CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected patients during first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Castagna A, Galli L, Torti C,  et al
Antivir Ther. 2010;15(2):165-75.
Abstract

Therapy for persistent HIV.
Keedy KS, Margolis DM.

Trends Pharmacol Sci
. 2010 Mar 4
Abstract

 

     Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters
 
 
Medication safety in New York State: contraindicated ART regimens for HIV+ patients
C. Wells, L. Savitsky, C. Gonzalez, B. Agins
(XX International AIDS Conference)
Abstract

Using strategic litigation to ensure access to HIV treatment for prisoners in southern Africa in countries which do not guarantee the right to health
P. Patel
(XX International AIDS Conference)
Abstract

Infrequent use of third-line therapy in Latin America: data from the CCASANet cohort
C.T. Cesar, B. Shepherd, C. Jenkins, et al
(7th IAS Conference)
Abstract

POSTER
HIV-infected Patients with Positive MT-2 Cultures May Need More Frequent Monitoring and/or HAART Initiation at Higher CD4 Counts
Avan ’t Wout, A van Sighem, M Welkers, et al
 
(17th CROI)

PDF Poster     Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
How will we use the new ART drugs?
C Katlama
 
 (Ninth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection
PDF Abstract
 

Therapeutic options in heavily pretreated HIV-1 patients based on the genotypic resistance patterns
D Paraskevis, E Magiorkinis, G Magiorkinis, et al

(Ninth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection)
Abstract
 

Once-Daily Regimens
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Lower Pill Burden and Once-daily Dosing Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Nachega JB, Parienti JJ, Uthman OA,  et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan 22.

Abstract

A survey of patients' willingness to switch from a single-tablet regimen to 2 pills once a day as a cost-saving strategy.
Tan J, Sonecha S, Mandalia S, Nelson M.

J Int AIDS Soc
.
2012 Nov 11;15(6):18388
Abstract

Once-daily single-tablet regimens: a long and winding road to excellence in antiretroviral treatment.
Llibre JM, Clotet B.

AIDS Rev
. 2012 Jul;14(3):168-78.
Abstract

One-pill once-a-day HAART: a simplification strategy that improves adherence and quality of life of HIV-infected subjects.
Airoldi M, Zaccarelli M, Bisi L,  et al

Patient Prefer Adherence
. 2010 May 13;4:115-25.
Abstract


Twice-Daily Regimens
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  FULL-TEXT DOWNLOADABLE ARTICLE
Twice-daily versus once-daily antiretroviral therapy and coformulation strategies in HIV-infected adults: benefits, risks, or burden?
Nachega JB, Rosenkranz B, Pham PA.
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011;5:645-51.
Paper

Simplification Therapy
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Efficacy and safety of contemporary dual-drug antiretroviral regimens as first-line treatment or as a simplification strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Achhra AC, Mwasakifwa G, Amin J, Boyd MA
Lancet HIV. 2016 Aug;3(8):e351-60
Abstract

Monotherapy with boosted PIs as an ART simplification strategy in clinical practice
Santos JR, Llibre JM, Berrio-Galan D,  et al

J Antimicrob Chemother
. 2014 Dec 18.
Abstract

Nuke-sparing regimens as a main simplification strategy and high level of toxicity resolution after antiretroviral switch: the SWITCHART Study.
Carrero-Gras A, Antela A, Muñoz-Rodríguez J, Díaz-Menéndez M,  et al
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Nov 2;17(4(Suppl 3)):19819.
Abstract

Simplification of antiretroviral therapy: a necessary step in the public health response to HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings.
Vitoria M, Ford N, Doherty M, Flexner C.

Antivir Ther
. 2014;19(Suppl 3):31-37
Abstract

Optimization and simplification of antiretroviral therapy for adults and children.
Ford N, Flexner C, Vella S,  et al
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
. 2013 Oct 4
Abstract

Simplification of antiretroviral therapy: a good choice for our patients and the sustainability of our health care system.
González Rivas L, Sánchez Gómez E,  et al

Farm Hosp
. 2011 Oct 19.
Abstract

Treatment simplification in HIV-infected adults as a strategy to prevent toxicity, improve adherence, quality of life and decrease healthcare costs.
Nachega JB, Mugavero MJ, Zeier M, et al
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011;5:357-6
Abstract

One-pill once-a-day HAART: a simplification strategy that improves adherence and quality of life of HIV-infected subjects.
Airoldi M, Zaccarelli M, Bisi L,  et al
Patient Prefer Adherence
. 2010 May 13;4:115-25.
Abstract


Intensification Therapy
     

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Treatment intensification followed by interleukin-7 reactivates HIV without reducing total HIV DNA: a randomized trial.
Katlama C, Lambert-Niclot S, Assoumou L,  et al
AIDS. 2016 Jan;30(2):221-30.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy with a CCR5 Antagonist in Patients with Chronic HIV-1 Infection: Effect on T Cells Latently Infected.
Gutiérrez C , Díaz L , Vallejo A , et al.
PLoS ONE 6(12): e27864.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Treatment intensification does not reduce residual HIV-1 viremia in patients on |highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Dinoso JB, Kim SY, Wiegand AM, et al

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
.
2009 Jun 9;106(23):9403-8
Paper

Intensification of a suppressive HAART regimen increases CD4 counts and decreases CD8+ T-cell activation.
Kolber MA, Saenz MO, Tanner TJ, et al
Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov 8;
Abstract

Evolution of resistance mutations pattern in HIV-1-infected patients during intensification therapy with a boosted protease inhibitor.
Blanco JL, Biglia MA, Arnedo M, et al
AIDS. 2005 May 20;19(8):829-31.
Abstract

Mega-HAART
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  No advantage of quadruple or triple-class antiretroviral therapy as initial treatment in patients with very high viraemia.
Grijsen ML, Holman R, Gras L,  et al

Antivir Ther
. 2012 Aug 20..
Abstract

Mega-HAART: preliminary results and correlation with baseline resistance.
Rottmann C, Miller V, Staszewski S.

Antivir Ther. 1999;4 Suppl 3:93-4.

Abstract


General Outcome Studies
     

     Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters
 

  Outcome of Specific HAART Regimens Within and Outside a Randomized Controlled Trial
A E. HANSEN, J. GERSTOFT , O. KIRK, et al
(45 ICAAC)

Abstract

Treatment-Experienced Patients: General Strategies
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
 
Antiretroviral Therapy: Treatment-experienced Individuals.
Calvo KR, Daar ES.  
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Sep;28(3):439-45
Abstract

Antiretroviral regimens for treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection.
Lagnese M, Daar ES 

Expert Opin Pharmacother.
2008 Apr;9(5):687-700.
Abstract
 


Advanced HIV Disease
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Optimal timing and best antiretroviral regimen in treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease.
Manzardo C, Zaccarelli M, Agüero F, et al 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Sep;46 Suppl 1:S9-18.
Abstract

Management of advanced HIV disease: resistance, antiretroviral brain penetration and malignancies.
Boffito M, Pillay D, Wilkins E. 
IntJ Clin Pract. 2006 Sep;60(9):1098-106.

Abstract

Effect of maintaining highly active antiretroviral therapy on AIDS events among patients with late-stage HIV infection and inadequate response to therapy.
Gandhi T, Wei W, Amin K, Kazanjian P.
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 15;42(6):878-84.
Abstract

Monitoring
       


Directly Administered Therapy
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
 

Directly observed antiretroviral therapy eliminates adverse effects of active drug use on adherence.
Nahvi S, Litwin AH, Heo M, et al
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Aug 30.

Abstract

Initiation, Adherence, and Retention in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy.
Maru DS, Bruce RD, Walton M, et al
AIDS Behav. 2007 Dec 18
Abstract

Directly administered antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV infection: benefit or burden?
Lucas GM, Flexner CW, Moore RD.
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2002 Nov;16(11):527-35.

Abstract


Discontinuation of Therapy
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Durability of Second Antiretroviral Regimens in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals Foundation Study and Factors Associated with Discontinuation.
Di Biagio A, Lorenzini P, Gustinetti G, et al
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2017 Dec;31(12):487-494.

Abstract

Prevalence of Post-Treatment Controller Phenotype is Rare in HIV-infected Persons after Stopping Antiretroviral Therapy.
Perkins M, Bradley W, Lalani T, et al 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
. 2017 Apr 7.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE

Predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy discontinuation due to drug-related adverse events in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Prosperi MC, Fabbiani M, Fanti I,  et al
BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 12;12(1):296.
Paper

FULL-TEXT PDF AERTICLE
Patient- and population-level health consequences of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy in settings with inadequate HIV treatment availability
Kimmel AD, Resch SC, Anglaret X,, Weinstein MC
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2012, 10:12
Paper

Assessing risk of a short-term antiretroviral therapy discontinuation as a read-out of viral control in immune-based therapy.
Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Nicolette CA, Jacobson JM.
J Med Virol. 2012 Jun;84(6):885-9. .
Abstract

 

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