Medical Advocates
Ritonavir (Norvir)
 
Journal Citations: Clinical
Pharmacology

General/Miscellaneous Reports
 Pharmacokinetics
 Resistance
 Cross Resistance
 Viral Dynamics
 Drug Interactions 
 Adverse Events
 Efficacy

 
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Last Update:  February 17, 2015
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General/Miscellaneous Reports
 
  The cumulative occurrence of resistance mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene
is associated with failure of salvage therapy with ritonavir and saquinavir in
protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
Karmochkine M, Si Mohamed A, Piketty C, et al.
Antiviral Res 2000 Sep;47(3):179-88
Abstract

 
Pharmacokinetics
 
 
Effects of the HIV-Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir on Basal and Catecholamine-
Stimulated Lipolysis
Adler-Wailes DC, Liu H, et al 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar
Abstract 
 
Ritonavir Decreases the Nonrenal Clearance of Digoxin in Healthy Volunteers
with Known MDR1 Genotypes.
 Penzak SR, Shen JM, Alfaro RM, et al
Ther Drug Monit. 2004 Jun;26(3):322-330.
Abstract 
 
Differential effect of HIV protease inhibitors on adipogenesis: intracellular ritonavir
is not sufficient to inhibit differentiation.
Vernochet C, Azoulay S, Duval D, et al
AIDS. 2003 Oct 17;17(15):2177-80.
Abstract 
 
Effects of Ritonavir on Indinavir Pharmacokinetics in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma.
 Haas DW, Johnson B, Nicotera J, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jul;47(7):2131-2137.
Abstract 

Pharmacokinetics of Ritonavir and Delavirdine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-
Infected Patients.
 Shelton MJ, Hewitt RG, Adams J, et al.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 May;47(5):1694-1699
 Abstract 

Effect of short-term administration of garlic supplements on single-dose ritonavir
pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.
Gallicano K, Foster B, Choudhri S. et al.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 Feb;55(2):199-202
 Abstract 

Model-based Analysis of the Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Ritonavir,
Nelfinavir, and Saquinavir after Simultaneous and Staggered Oral Administration.
Lu JF, Blaschke TF, Flexner C, et al
 Abstract  

Ritonavir inhibition of calcium-activated neutral proteases.
 Wan W, DePetrillo PB.
Biochem Pharmacol 2002 Apr 15;63(8):1481-1484
Abstract  

Saquinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics following combined ritonavir and
saquinavir (soft gelatin capsules) administration.
Buss N, Snell P, Bock J, Hsu A, Jorga K.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001 Sep;52(3):255-64
 Abstract 

  
Resistance
 
  The cumulative occurrence of resistance mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene
is associated with failure of salvage therapy with ritonavir and saquinavir in
protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
Karmochkine M, Si Mohamed A, Piketty C, et al.
Antiviral Res 2000 Sep;47(3):179-88
Abstract
Cross Resistance
 

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease cleavage site mutations |
associated with protease inhibitor cross-resistance selected by indinavir,
ritonavir, and/or saquinavir.
Cote HC, Brumme ZL, Harrigan PR
J Virol 2001 Jan;75(2):589-94  
 Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Low level of cross-resistance to amprenavir (141W94) in samples from patients
pretreated with other protease inhibitors.
Schmidt B, Korn K, Moschik B, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000 Nov;44(11):3213-6 
 Paper

Viral Dynamics/Response
 

RTV/SQV

Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and drug levels with combination ritonavir
and saquinavir.
Kravcik S, Gallicano K, Roth V, et al.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999 Aug 15;21(5):371-5
Abstract
Diagnostics
 
  Quantification of plasma and intracellular levels of the HIV protease inhibitor
ritonavir by competitive ELISA.
 Akeb F, Ferrua B, Creminon C, et al
 J Immunol Methods 2002 May 1;263(1-2):1-9
 Abstract		  
Efficacy
 
Antitumor Effect
 
  Antitumor effect of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir:
induction of tumor-cell apoptosis associated with perturbation of proteasomal
proteolysis.
Gaedicke S, Firat-Geier E, Constantiniu O, et al.
Cancer Res 2002 Dec 1;62(23):6901-8
 Abstract   		 

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