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Last Update: May 19, 2017
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General Reports

Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Gender equality and human rights approaches to female genital mutilation: a review of international human rights norms and standards.
Khosla R, Banerjee J, Chou D, et al.
Reprod Health. 2017 May 12;14(1):59
Paper

Dismantling the Man-Made Myths upholding Female Genital Mutilation.
Jiménez Ruiz I, Almansa Martínez P, Alcón Belchí C.
Health Care Women Int. 2017 Feb 2:0.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Female genital mutilation: a systematic review of research on its economic and social impacts across four decades.
Mpinga EK, Macias A, Hasselgard-Rowe J, et al
Glob Health Action. 2016 Oct 4;9:31489.
Paper

Female genital mutilation/cutting: an update.
Rouzi AA, Alturki F.
Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(3):300-3. Review
Abstract

Female genital mutilation/cutting - towards abandonment of a harmful cultural practice.
Varol N, Fraser IS, Ng CH, Jaldesa G, Hall J.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014 May 6.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Cultural protection against traumatic stress: traditional support of children exposed to the ritual of female genital cutting.
Schultz JH, Lien IL.
Int J Womens Health. 2014 Feb 13;6:207-19.
Paper

Female genital mutilation: a literature review.
Terry L, Harris K.
Nurs Stand. 2013 Sep 4;28(1):41-
Abstract

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Female genital mutilation/cutting: the secret world of women as seen by men
Kaplan A, Cham B, Njie LA, et al
Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013:643780.
Paper

Immunobiology of Genital Tract Trauma: Endocrine Regulation of HIV Acquisition in Women Following Sexual Assault or Genital Tract Mutilation.
Ghosh M, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Wira CR
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Feb;69 Suppl 1:51-60
Abstract

Female Genital Cutting and HIV Transmission: Is There an Association?
Diouf K, Nour N.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Feb;69 Suppl 1:45-50.
Abstract

Female Genital Cutting and HIV Transmission: Is There an Association?
Diouf K, Nour N.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2012 Oct 13.
Abstract

Female genital mutilation: an injury, physical and mental harm.
Utz-Billing I, Kentenich H.
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;29(4):225-229.
Abstract

Sexual function in women with female genital mutilation.
Alsibiani SA, Rouzi AA.
Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov 22.
Abstract

Female genital mutilation.
Ball T.
Nurs Stand. 2008 Oct 8-14;23(5):43-7.
Abstract

Pleasure and Orgasm in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C).
Catania L, Abdulcadir O, Puppo V, et al
J Sex Med. 2007 Nov;4(6):1666-78.
Abstract

A rose by any other name? Rethinking the similarities and differences between male and female genital cutting.
Darby R, Svoboda JS.
Med Anthropol Q. 2007 Sep;21(3):301-23.
Abstract

An Exploration of Female Genital Mutilation.
Baron EM, Denmark FL.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Nov;1087:339-355.
Abstract

Methodological issues in measuring the impact of interventions against female genital cutting.
Askew I.
Cult Health Sex. 2005 Sep-Oct;7(5):463-77.
Abstract

Socio-cultural dynamics of female genital cutting: research findings, gaps, and directions.
Gruenbaum E.
Cult Health Sex. 2005 Sep-Oct;7(5):429-41.
Abstract

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Reliability of self reported form of female genital mutilation and WHO classification:
cross sectional study.
Elmusharaf S, Elhadi N, Almroth L., et al
BMJ. 2006 Jul 15;333(7559):124.
Paper

Female genital mutilation.
Kelly E, Hillard PJ.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct;17(5):490-494.
Abstract

Genital cutting and western discourses on sexuality.
Bell K.
Med Anthropol Q. 2005 Jun;19(2):125-48
Abstract

Female genital mutilation.
Momoh C.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;16(6):477-480
Abstract

The encounters that rupture the myth: contradictions in midwives' descriptions and
explanations of circumcised women immigrants' sexuality.
Leval A, Widmark C, Tishelman C,
Health Care Women Int. 2004 Sep;25(8):743-60.
Abstract

Modern liberalism, female circumcision, and the rationality of traditions.
Bishop JP.
Med Philos. 2004 Aug;29(4):473-97
Abstract

What's "normal": female genital mutilation, psychology, and body image.
Adams KE.
J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2004 Summer;59(3):168-7
Abstract

Female genital mutilation: have we made progress?
Toubia NF, Sharief EH.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003 Sep;82(3):251-61.
Abstract

Female genital mutilations, forced marriages, and early pregnancies
Henrion R.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2003;187(6):1051-66.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Is there an association between female circumcision and perinatal death?
Essen B, Bodker B, Sjoberg NO, et al
Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(8):629-32.
Paper

Male complications of female genital mutilation.
Almroth L, Almroth-Berggren V, Hassanein OM, ET AL
Soc Sci Med. 2001 Dec;53(11):1455-60
Abstract

The medicalization of female "circumcision": harm reduction or promotion of a
dangerous practice?
Shell-Duncan B
Soc Sci Med. 2001 Apr;52(7):1013-28
Abstract

Ethical Challenges

Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Female genital cutting (FGC) and the ethics of care: community engagement and cultural sensitivity at the interface of migration experiences.
Vissandjée B, Denetto S, Migliardi P, Proctor J.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2014 Apr 24;14(1):13
Paper

Female genital mutilation: the ethical impact of the new Italian law.
Turillazzi E, Fineschi V.
J Med Ethics. 2007 Feb;33(2):98-101.
Abstract

When an adult female seeks ritual genital alteration: ethics, law, and the parameters of
participation.
Cantor JD .
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Apr;117(4):1158-64
Abstract

Rationalising circumcision: from tradition to fashion, from public health to individual
freedom--critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation.
Hellsten SK.
J Med Ethics. 2004 Jun;30(3):248-53.
Abstract

Female genital cutting (mutilation/circumcision): ethical and legal dimensions.
Cook RJ, Dickens BM, Fathalla MF.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002 Dec;79(3):281-7
Abstract

Clinical Challenges

General Reports

Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Missed opportunities for diagnosis of female genital mutilation.
Abdulcadir J, Dugerdil A, Boulvain M, et al
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Mar 5
Abstract

Female genital mutilation and its prevention: a challenge for paediatricians.
Jaeger F, Caflisch M, Hohlfeld P .
Eur J Pediatr. 2008 Apr 25
Abstract

From body to brain: considering the neurobiological effects of female genital cutting.
Einstein G.
Perspect Biol Med. 2008 Winter;51(1):84-97.
Abstract

New attempt using labio-vestibular flap technique to manage circumcised women with
Rokitansky syndrome
Thabet SM, Ali AH.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(1):94-8.
Abstract

Female genital mutilation: classification and management.
Bikoo M.
Nurs Stand. 2007 Oct 24-30;22(7):43-9;
Abstract

Results of surgical clitoral repair after ritual excision: 453 cases
Foldes P, Louis-Sylvestre C.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006 Dec;34(12):1137-41.
Abstract

Defibulation to treat female genital cutting: effect on symptoms and sexual function.
Nour NM, Michels KB, Bryant AE.
Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul;108(1):55-60.
Abstract

Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six
African countries.WHO study group on female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome,
Banks E, Meirik O, Farley T, et al
Lancet. 2006 Jun 3;367(9525):1835-41.
Abstract

Female circumcision (female genital mutilation): a problem for brachytherapy in cervical
cancer.
Manji MF, Al Badawi I, El Enbaby A, Al Bareedy N.
Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006 Mar-Apr;16(2):675-80.
Abstract

Benign vaginal villi noted at time of defibulation of female genital cutting.
Morris SN, Nour NM.
Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;105(5 Pt 2):1206-9.
Abstract

Female genital mutilation: generalities, complications and management during
obstetrical period
Carcopino X, Shojai R, Boubli L, et al
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2004 Sep;33(5):378-83.
Abstract

Physical and psychological sequelae of female genital mutilation: a case report.
Ibekwe PC.
Niger J Med. 2004 Jul-Sep;13(3):293-4.
Abstract

Female genital cutting: clinical and cultural guidelines.
Nour NM.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2004 Apr;59(4):272-9
Abstract

Infertility from female circumcision.
Chen G, Dharia SP, Steinkampf MP, Callison S.
Fertil Steril. 2004 Jun;81(6):1692-4.
Abstract

Defective sexuality and female circumcision: the cause and the possible management.
Thabet SM, Thabet AS.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2003 Feb;29(1):12-9
Abstract

Epidermal clitoral inclusion cyst after type I female genital mutilation.
Rouzi AA, Sindi O, Radhan B, Ba'aqeel H.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Sep;185(3):569-71
Abstract

Neuroma of the clitoris after female genital cutting.
Fernandez-Aguilar S, Noel JC.
Obstet Gynecol. 2003 May;101(5 Pt 2):1053-
Abstract

Type III female genital mutilation: clinical implications and treatment by carbon
dioxide laser surgery.
Penna C, Fallani MG, Fambrini M,
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec;187(6):1550-4.
Abstract

3 cases of vulvar epidermal cysts after female genital mutilation
Moreira PM, Moreira IV, Faye EH, et al
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2002 Dec;30(12):958-60.
Abstract

Stop female genital mutilation: appeal to the international dermatologic community.
Morrone A, Hercogova J, Lotti T.
Int J Dermatol. 2002 May;41(5):253-
Abstract

Female circumcision and obstetric complications.
Lasen U, Okonofua FE.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002 Jun;77(3):255-65.
Abstract

Impact of female genital mutilation on maternal and neonatal outcomes during parturition.
Hakim LY
East Afr Med J. 2001 May;78(5):255-8.
Abstract

Mental Health

Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Crossing borders: Discussing the evidence relating to the mental health needs of women exposed to female genital mutilation.
Mulongo P, McAndrew S, Hollins Martin C.
Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2014 Feb 18.
Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder and memory problems after female genital mutilation.
Behrendt A, Moritz S.
Am J Psychiatry. 2005 May;162(5):1000-1002.
Abstract

Reconstructive Surgery

Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris after sexual mutilation
Foldes P.
Prog Urol. 2004 Feb;14(1):47-50.
Abstract

Videos

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