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WOMEN AND HIV RESOURCE CENTER

ARV/HAART Pregnancy Studies

General Studies
Treatment Guidelines
Safety and Efficacy
Virological Response
Tolerability
Resistance
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Immune Status
Adverse Events
Outcome Studies
Adherence Treatment Interruption Treatment of Neonates
Discontinuation of ARVs
ARVs and Vaginal Delivery
ARVs and C-Sections
ARVs and Vaginal Delivery
ARVs and Breast Milk
Protease Inhibitors
Nucleoside Analogues
NNRTIs
Integrase Inhibitors

HIV Pregnancy Main Page Women Main Page

Last Update: June 10, 2017
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General Studies/Reports

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Antiretroviral unbound concentration during pregnancy: piece of interest in the puzzle?
Metsu D, Toutain PL, Chatelut E, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Jun 7.
Abstract
Pregnancy-related changes of antiretroviral pharmacokinetics: an argument for TDM.
Simonetti FR, Cattaneo D, Zanchetta N, et al
Antivir Ther. 2017 Jan 4. doi: 10.3851/IMP3122.
Abstract

Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Uthman OA, Nachega JB, Anderson J, et al
Lancet HIV. 2016 Nov 15.
Abstract

Benefits and Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy for Perinatal HIV Prevention.
Fowler MG, Qin M, Fiscus SA, et al
N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 3;375(18):1726-1737
Abstract

Concentrations of tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz in mothers and children enrolled under the Option B-Plus approach in Malawi.
Palombi L, Pirillo MF, Marchei E, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Dec 17.
Abstract

Accurate Dosing of Antiretrovirals at Home Using a Foilized, Polyethylene Pouch to Prevent the Transmission of HIV From Mother to Child
Choy A, Ortiz M, Malkin R.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Jun;94(25):e1030.
Abstract

Tolerance of the newborn to antiretroviral drug exposure in utero.
Sibiude J, Warszawski J, Blanche S.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 Mar 1:1-12.
Abstract

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV Type 1: the role of neonatal and infant prophylaxis.
Hurst SA, Appelgren KE, Kourtis AP.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015 Feb;13(2):169-81.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
A Systematic Review of Health System Barriers and Enablers for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women.
Colvin CJ, Konopka S, Chalker JC, et al
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 10;9(10):e108150
Paper

Benefit of Inter-Pregnancy Hiv Viral Load Suppression on Subsequent Maternal and Infant Outcomes.
Stewart RD, Wells CE, Roberts SW, et al
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Apr 15.
Abstract

Pharmacologic prevention of perinatal HIV infection.
Rakhmanina NY, van den Anker JN.
Early Hum Dev. 2014 Mar;90S1:S13-S15.
Abstract

Risk factors of hiv-1 vertical transmission (vt) and the influence of antiretroviral therapy (art) in pregnancy outcome.
Barral MF, Oliveira GR, Lobato RC, et al
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014 Mar-Apr;56(2):133-8.
Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in HIV-infected women.
Short CE, Taylor GP. Expert Rev A
nti Infect Ther. 2014 Feb 6.
Abstract

The impact of maternal anti-retroviral therapy on cytokine profile in the uninfected neonates.
Kasahara TM, Hygino J, Blanco B,et al
Hum Immunol. 2013 Jun 17.
Abstract

Antiretroviral Drugs to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV during Breastfeeding.
Shetty AK, Maldonado Y.
Curr HIV Res. 2013 Feb 21
Abstract

Combination Antiretroviral Use and Preterm Birth.
Watts DH, Williams PL, Kacanek D, et al
J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov 29
Abstract

Pregnancy and treatment interruption enhances progression of HIV-infection if initial CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count is less than 700 cells/mm(3).
Orlova-Morozova E, Pronin A, Kaminskiy G.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2012 Nov 11;15(6):
Abstract

Pharmacokinetic optimization of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy.
Buckoreelall K, Cressey TR, King JR.
Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Oct;51(10):639-59.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Three postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection.
Nielsen-Saines K, Watts DH, Veloso VG   et al
N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 21;366(25):2368-7
Paper

Leukocyte Telomere Length in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Treated with Antiretroviral Drugs During
Pregnancy and Their Uninfected Infants.
Imam T, Jitratkosol MH, Soudeyns H, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 May 10.
Abstract

Maternal and infant antiretroviral regimens to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission: 48-week follow-up
of the BAN randomised controlled trial.
Jamieson DJ, Chasela CS, Hudgens MG, et al
Lancet. 2012 Apr 25.
Abstract

A Trigger-based Design for Evaluating the Safety of In Utero Antiretroviral Exposure in Uninfected Children of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers.
Williams PL, Seage GR 3rd, Van Dyke RB, et al
Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Apr
Abstract

Pharmacokinetic Considerations of Perinatal Antiretroviral Therapy.
Rakhmanina NY, Dirajlal-Fargo S, Capparelli EV, Mirochnik M.
Curr Drug Metab. 2012 Mar 22.
Abstract

When should HAART be initiated in pregnancy to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load by delivery?
Read PJ, Mandalia S, Khan P, et al
AIDS. 2012 Mar 21.
Abstract

Short- and Long-term Immunological and Virological Outcome in HIV-Infected Infants
According to the Age at Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation.
Goetghebuer T, Le Chenadec J, Haelterman E, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 23.
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in anatomical sanctuary sites: the fetal compartment
(placenta and amniotic fluid).
Else LJ, Taylor S, Back DJ, Khoo SH.
Antivir Ther. 2011;16(8):1139-47.
Abstract

Current Treatment Strategies, Complications and Considerations for the Use of HIV
Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy.
Senise JF, Castelo A, Martínez M.
AIDS Rev. 2011 Oct;13(4):198-213.|
Abstract

Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and its Impact on Disease Progression in Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency
Virus- Infection.
Sturt AS, Halpern MS, Sullivan B, Maldonado YA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Oct 5.
Abstract

Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.
Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD003510
Abstract

Optimal Time on HAART for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.
Chibwesha CJ, Giganti MJ, Putta N, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Jun 24
Abstract

Antiretroviral use during pregnancy for treatment or prophylaxis.
Sturt AS, Read JS.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 May 3
Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in the era prior to the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy:
The role of drugs of abuse.
Van Dyke RB.
Life Sci. 2011 Mar 30.
Abstract

Antiretroviral Drugs in the Cupboard Are Not Enough: The Impact of Health Systems' Performance on
Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.
Barker PM, Mphatswe W, Rollins N.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Nov 16
Abstract

Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission.
[No authors listed]
N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 11;363(20):1968-70.
Abstract

Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission.
Tattevin P, Arvieux C, Courpotin C.
N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 11;363(20):1968-70
Abstract

Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission.
Ekouevi DK.
N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 11;363(20):1968-70.
Abstract

Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission.
Bell DM, Brewinski MM, Holmes CB.
N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 11;363(20):1968-70.
Abstract

Safety and Efficacy

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Safety and Tolerability of Antiretrovirals during Pregnancy.
Weinberg A, Forster-Harwood J, Davies J, et al
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2011;2011:867674.
Paper

Tolerability

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

The efficacy and tolerability of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy
infant and maternal outcome
Clarke SM, Mulcahy F, Healy CM, Condon S, Butler KM
Int J STD AIDS 2000
Abstract

Immune Status

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Immune Status and Uptake of Antiretroviral Interventions to Prevent
Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 in Africa.
For the ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus Study Group.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Jun 1;36(2):755-757.
Abstract

Virological Response

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Factors Associated With Lack of Viral Suppression at Delivery Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Women With HIV: A Cohort Study.
Katz IT, Leister E, Kacanek D, et al
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 20;
Abstract
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Virological profile of pregnant HIV positive women with high levels of CD4 count in low income settings:
Can viral load help as eligibility criteria for maternal triple ARV prophylaxis (WHO 2010 option B)?
Njom Nlend AE, Same Ekobo C, Moyo ST, et al
Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10:27.
Paper

Resistance

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries


Next generation sequencing improves detection of drug resistance mutations in infants after PMTCT failure.
Fisher RG, Smith DM, Murrell B, et al
J Clin Virol. 2015 Jan;62:48-53.
Abstract
HIV Drug Resistance in Mothers and Infants Following Use of Antiretrovirals to Prevent Mother-to-Child-Transmission.
Ton Q, Frenkel L.
Curr HIV Res. 2013 Feb 21
Abstract

Impact of Maternal and Infant Antiretroviral Drug Regimens on Drug Resistance in HIV-Infected Breastfeeding Infants.
Fogel JM, Mwatha A, Richardson P, et al
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Dec 17.|
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
HIV drug resistance and mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Weidle PJ, Nesheim S.
Clin Perinatol. 2010 Dec;37(4):825-42
Abstract

Resistance considerations in sequencing of antiretroviral therapy in low-middle income countries
with currently available options.
De Luca A, Prosperi M, Bracciale L.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010 Jan;5(1):27-37
Abstract

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals in pregnant women.
Roustit M, Jlaiel M, Leclercq P, Stanke-Labesque F.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Jun 4.
Abstract

Outcome Studies

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Antiretroviral Therapy in Relation to Birth Outcomes among HIV-infected Women: A Cohort Study.
Li N, Sando MM, Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, et al
J Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 10.
Paper
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes among HIV-Infected Women Taking Long-Term ART
with and without Tenofovir in the DART Trial.
Gibb DM, Kizito H, Russell EC, et al
PLoS Med. 2012 May;9(5):e1001217
Paper

ARVs and Vaginal Delivery

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

The AmRo study: pregnancy outcome in HIV-1-infected women under effective highly
active antiretroviral therapy and a policy of vaginal delivery.
Boer K, Nellen JF, Patel D, et al
BJOG. 2007 Feb;114(2):148-55.
Abstract

Adherence

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Treatment Response in Association with Adherence Patterns to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection.
Malhotra A, Whitley-Williams PN, et al
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2014 Mar 17.
Abstract
Factors affecting adherence to short-course ARV prophylaxis for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a review and lessons for future elimination.
Colombini M, Stöckl H, Watts C, et al
AIDS Care. 2013 Dec 20.
Abstract

Treatment Interruption

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Pregnancy and treatment interruption enhances progression of HIV-infection if initial CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count is less than 700 cells/mm(3).
Orlova-Morozova E, Pronin A, Kaminskiy G.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2012 Nov 11;15(6):
Abstract

Treatment interruption after delivery in HIV-infected women without HAART indications is not safe if initial CD4(+) count is less than 700 cells/mm(3).
Kaminskiy G, Orlova-Morozova E, Pronin A.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2012 Nov 11;15(6):
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Maternal CD4+ Cell Count Decline after Interruption of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for the Prevention
of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.
Ekouevi D, Abrams EJ, Schlesinger M, et al
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43750.
Paper

Discontinuation of ARVs

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Postpartum Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Maternal
AIDS-Defining Events, Non-AIDS-Defining Events, and Mortality Among
a Cohort of HIV-1-Infected Women in the United States.
Melekhin VV, Shepherd BE, Jenkins CA, et al
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 May 3.
Paper

Protease Inhibitors

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
The Use of Protease Inhibitors in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Considerations.
Duryea E, Nicholson F, Cooper S,
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2015;2015:563727.
Paper
HIV protease inhibitor use during pregnancy is associated with decreased progesterone levels;
a potential mechanism contributing to fetal growth restriction.
Papp E, Mohammadi H, Loutfy MR,et al
J Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 16
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Safety of protease inhibitors in HIV-infected pregnant women.
Chougrani I, Luton D, Matheron S,
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2013 Sep 27;5:253-262.
Paper

HIV Protease Inhibitors in Pregnancy : Pharmacology and Clinical Use.
Andany N, Loutfy MR.
Drugs. 2013 Feb 13.
Abstract

Premature Delivery in HIV-Infected Women Starting Protease Inhibitor Therapy During Pregnancy:
Role of the Ritonavir Boost?
Sibiude J, Warszawski J, Tubiana R, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 May;54(9):1348-60
Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors in HIV-infected pregnancy.
Dola CP, Khan R, Denicola N, et al
J Perinat Med. 2011 Nov 2.
Abstract

Previous antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV does not hamper the initial response to PI-based multitherapy during subsequent pregnancy.
Briand N, Mandelbrot L, Blanche S, Tubiana R, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Mar 23
Abstract

Prenatal protease inhibitor use and risk of preterm birth among HIV-infected women
initiating antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy.
Patel K, Shapiro DE, Brogly SB, et al
J Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 1;201(7):1035-44.
Abstract

Nucleoside Analogues

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Maternal-fetal transfer and amniotic fluid accumulation of nucleoside analogue
reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected
pregnant women.
Chappuy H, Treluyer JM, Jullien V, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Nov;48(11):4332-6.
Abstract

NNRTIs

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Non-nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral
Therapy in Women Previously Exposed to a Single Intrapartum Dose of Nevirapine:
A Multi-country, Prospective Cohort Study.
Stringer JS, McConnell MS, Kiarie J, et al
PLoS Med. 2010 Feb 16;7(2):e1000233.
Paper

Brief Report: Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Among
Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Pregnant Women.
Juethner SN, Williamson C, Ristig MB, et al.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003 Feb 1;32(2):153-6
Abstract

Integrase Inhibitors

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Integrase inhibitors in late pregnancy and rapid HIV viral load reduction.
Rahangdale L, Cates J, Potter J, et al
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar;214(3):385.e1-7.
Abstract

Treatment of Neonates

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Combination nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor(s) plus nevirapine,
nelfinavir, or ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therapy-experienced HIV-infected
children: week 24 results of a randomized controlled trial--PACTG 377.
Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377 Study Team.
Wiznia A, Stanley K, Krogstad P, et al.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000 Aug 10;16(12):1113-21
Abstract

HIV Pregnancy Main Page Women Main Page

Pregnancy: General ARV Studies