Neonate/ Infant Feeding

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WOMEN AND HIV RESOURCE CENTER

Neonate/Infant Feeding
General Reports
Factors Affecting HIV Transmission in Breastfeeding
Reducing HIV Transmission in Breastmilk
Breastmilk Feeding
Breastmilk Replacement Feeding
Global Studies/Strategies

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Last Update: February 28, 2015
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General Reports



       Internet Documents

FULL-TEXT GUIDELINES
Guidelines on HIV and Infant Feeding 2010: Principles and Recommendations for Infant Feeding in the Context of HIV and a Summary of Evidence.
Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Book

   ;    Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Oligosaccharide Composition of Breast Milk Influences Survival of Uninfected Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers in Lusaka, Zambia.
Kuhn L, Kim HY, Hsiao L, Nissan C, et al
J Nutr. 2015 Jan;145(1):66-
Abstract
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Exclusive breastfeeding: measurement and indicators.
Greiner T
Int Breastfeed J. 2014 Oct 20;9:18.
Paper

HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding: Still Possible in Developed Countries.
Blumental S, Ferster A, Van den Wijngaert S, Lepage P.
Pediatrics. 2014 Aug 18.
Abstract

Risks and benefits of lifelong antiretroviral treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women: a review of the evidence for the Option B+ approach.
Ahmed S, Kim MH, Abrams EJ.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Sep;8(5):473-88.
Abstract

Infant feeding in the context of HIV: a qualitative study of health care workers' knowledge of recommended infant feeding options in Papua New Guinea.
Vallely LM, Kelly A, Kupul M, et al
Int Breastfeed J. 2013 Jun 7;8(1):6
Abstract

HIV-1 Concentrations in Human Breast Milk Before and After Weaning.
Kuhn L, Kim HY, Walter J, et al
Sci Transl Med. 2013 Apr 17;5(181):181ra51.
Abstract

Promoting safe infant feeding practices - the importance of structural, social and contextual factors in Southern Africa.
Lazarus R, Struthers H, Violari A.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Feb 7;16:18037.
Abstract

A Review of Evidence for Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Children to Breastfeeding Women
and Implications for Prevention.
Little KM, Kilmarx PH, Taylor AW, et al
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jun 4June 2012
Abstract

Early Weaning of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants and Risk of Serious Gastroenteritis:
Findings from Two Perinatal HIV Prevention Trials in Kampala, Uganda.
Onyango-Makumbi C, Bagenda D, Mwatha A, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Sep 25
Abstract

Infant feeding and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
John-Stewart GC.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2008 Mar;3(2):173-9.
Abstract

Role of breastfeeding cessation in mediating the relationship between maternal HIV disease stage and
increased child mortality among HIV-exposed uninfected children.
Fox MP, Brooks DR, Kuhn L, et al
Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Nov 30.
Abstract

FULL TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Potential impact of infant feeding recommendations on mortality and HIV-infection in children born
to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: a simulation.
Atashili J, Kalilani L, Seksaria V, et al
BMC Infect Dis. 2008 May 16;8(1):66.
Paper

Temporal and lateral dynamics of HIV shedding and elevated sodium in breast milk
among HIV-positive mothers during the first 4 months of breast-feeding.
Semrau K, Ghosh M, Kankasa C, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 1;47(3):320-8
Abstract

Breastfeeding to prevent HIV transmission in infants: balancing pros and cons.
Coovadia H, Kindra G
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb;21(1):11-5.
Abstract

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission to the infant through
breastfeeding: new developments.
Kourtis AP, Jamieson DJ, de Vincenzi I, et al
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;197(3 Suppl):S113-22.
Abstract

Preserving breastfeeding practice through the HIV pandemic.
Coovadia HM, Bland RM.
Trop Med Int Health. 2007 Aug 20;
Abstract

Humanizing infant milk formula to decrease postnatal HIV transmission.
Blais DR, Altosaar I
Trends Biotechnol. 2007 Jul 27;
Abstract

FULL TEXT PDF ARTICLE
HIV and infant feeding counselling: challenges faced by nurse-counsellors in northern
Tanzania.
Leshabari SC, Blystad A, de Paoli M, Moland KM
Hum Resour Health. 2007 Jul 24;5(1):18
Paper

Laboratory Indicators of Mastitis Are Not Associated with Elevated HIV-1 DNA Loads or
Predictive of HIV-1 RNA Loads in Breast Milk.
Gantt S, Shetty AK, Seidel KD, et al
J Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 15;196(4):570-6
Abstract

Vaccine Platform for Prevention of Tuberculosis and Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
through Breastfeeding.
Im EJ, Saubi N, Virgili G, et al
J Virol. 2007 Jun 27;
Abstract

Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection in a breast-fed infant in new york city.
Nicholson O, Michalik DE, Patel S, et al
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Jul;26(7):653-5.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Translating global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context:
the development of culturally sensitive counselling tools in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
Leshabari SC, Koniz-Booher P, Astrom AN, et .
Implement Sci. 2006 Oct 3;1(1):22
Paper

The impact of breastfeeding on the health of HIV-positive mothers and their children in
sub-Saharan Africa.
Taha TE, Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, et al
Bull World Health Organ. 2006 Jul 10;84(7):546-554.
Abstract

Complementary feeding adequacy in relation to nutritional status among early weaned
breastfed children who are born to HIV-infected mothers: ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus,
Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
Becquet R, Leroy V, Ekouevi DK, et al
Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4):e701-10.
Abstract

Transmission of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Through Breast-Feeding.
Koulinska IN, Villamor E, Chaplin B, et al
J Acquir Immu ne Defic Syndr. 2006 Jan 1;41(1):93-99.
Abstract

Mortality Among HIV-1-Infected Women According to Children's Feeding Modality:
An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.
Breastfeeding and HIV International Transmission Study Group
.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Aug 1;39(4):430-438.
Abstract

Breastfeeding and HIV.
Coutsoudis A.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2005 Apr;19(2):185-96.
Abstract

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Infant Feeding in Complex Humanitarian
Emergencies: Priorities and Policy Considerations.
Leyenaar J. Disasters. 2004 Mar;28(1):1-15.
Abstract

Prevention of HIV Transmission Through Breast-feeding: Strengthening the Research
Agenda.
Dabis F, Newell ML, Fowler MG, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Feb 1; 35(2): 167-168
Abstract

Estimating the Efficacy of Interventions to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission
of Human mmunodeficiency Virus in Breastfeeding Populations: Comparing
Statistical Methods.
Alioum A, Cortina-Borja M, et al
Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Sep 15;158(6):596-605
Abstract

Update on pediatric nutrition: Breastfeeding, infant nutrition, and growth
Fulhan .J, Collier S, Duggan C.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2003 Jun;15(3):323-32.
Abstract

Maternal recall of exclusive breast feeding duration.
Bland RM, Rollins NC, Solarsh G, et al.
Arch Dis Child. 2003 Sep;88(9):778-83.
Abstract

Factors Affecting HIV Transmission

    Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Purified Human Breast Milk MUC1 and MUC4 Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Mthembu Y, Lotz Z, Tyler M, et al
Neonatology. 2014 Feb 4;105(3):211-217
Abstract
A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED ARTICLE
Maternal antiretroviral prophylaxis and breastfeeding.
Marzolini C, Gray GE.
Antivir Ther. 2012 Aug 21
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
The Magnitude and Kinetics of the Mucosal HIV-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocyte Response and Virus
RNA Load in Breast Milk.
Mahlokozera T, Kang HH, Goonetilleke N, et al
PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23735
Paper

Factors affecting breastfeeding cessation after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy
to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Morgan MC, Masaba RO, Nyikuri M, Thomas TK.
AIDS Care. 2010 Jul;22(7):866-73
Abstract

Use of antiretrovirals during pregnancy and breastfeeding in low-income and middle-income countries.
McIntyre J
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010 Jan;5(1):48-53.
Abstract

Risk Factors for Early and Late Transmission of HIV via Breast-Feeding among Infants Born to
HIV-InfectedWomen in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Botswana.
Shapiro RL, Smeaton L, Lockman S, et al
J Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 17
Abstract

Low and Undetectable Breast Milk Interleukin-7 Concentrations Are Associated With Reduced
Risk of Postnatal HIV Transmission.
Walter J, Kuhn L, Ghosh MK, et a l
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Jul 19
Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first
6 months of life: an intervention cohort study.
Coovadia HM, Rollins NC, Bland RM, et al
Lancet. 2007 Mar 31;369(9567):1107-16.
Abstract

HIV-1 Disease Progression in Breast-Feeding and Formula-Feeding Mothers: A Prospective
2-Year Comparison of T Cell Subsets, HIV-1 RNA Levels, and Mortality.
Otieno PA, Brown ER, Mbori-Ngacha DA, et al
J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 15;195(2):220-9
Abstract

Factors Influencing Breast Milk HIV RNA Viral Load among Zambian Women.
Phiri W, Kasonka L, Collin S, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 Jul;22(7):607-14.
Abstract

Breast-Milk Shedding of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Subtype C in Women Exposed to
Single-Dose Nevirapine.
Lee EJ, Kantor R, Zijenah L, et al;
J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct 1;192(7):1260-4.
Abstract

Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing
HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine.
Chung MH, Kiarie JN, Richardson BA, et al
AIDS. 2005 Sep 2;19(13):1415-1422.
Abstract

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Started during Pregnancy or Postpartum Suppresses
HIV-1 RNA, but Not DNA, in Breast Milk.
Shapiro RL, Ndung'u T, Lockman S, et al
Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 1;192(5):713-9. Epub 2005 Jul 27.
Abstract

Association of Levels of HIV-1-Infected Breast Milk Cells and Risk of Mother-to-Child
Transmission.
Rousseau CM, Nduati RW, Richardson BA
J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 15;190(10):1880-8
Abstract

Effect of Perinatal Zidovudine Prophylaxis on the Evolution of Cell-Free HIV-1 RNA
in BreastMilk and on Postnatal Transmission.
Manigart O, Crepin M, Leroy V, et al
Infect Dis. 2004 Oct 15;190(8):1422-8.
Abstract

Late Postnatal Transmission of HIV-1 in Breast-Fed Children: An Individual Patient
Data Meta-Analysis.
The Breastfeeding and HIV International Transmission Study Group.
Infect Dis. 2004 Jun 15;189(12):2154-2166.
Abstract

Breast-feeding and Transmission of HIV-1.
John-Stewart G, Mbori-Ngacha D, Ekpini R, et al.
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Feb 1; 35(2): 196-202
Abstract

Preventing postnatal transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding: modifying infant
feeding practices.
Rollins N, Meda N, Becquet R, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Feb 1;35(2):188-95.
Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast-milk components.
Hoffman IF, Martinson FE, Stewart PW, et al
J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 15;188(8):1209-12
Abstract

Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Breast Milk.
Ghosh MK, Kuhn L, West J, et al
J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Jun;41(6):2465-2470.
Abstract

Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its
relationship to infant infection and maternal disease.
Rousseau CM, Nduati RW, Richardson BA, et al.
J Infect Dis 2003 Mar 1;187(5):741-7
Abstract

Breast-milk infectivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers.
Richardson BA, John-Stewart GC, Hughes JP
J Infect Dis 2003 Mar 1;187(5):736-40
Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8(+) T Cells in Human Breast Milk.
Sabbaj S, Edwards BH, Ghosh MK
J Virol 2002 Aug 1;76(15):7365-7373
Abstract

Breastmilk Feeding

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Exclusive Breastfeeding, Diarrhoeal Morbidity and All-Cause Mortality in Infants of HIV-Infected and HIV Uninfected Mothers: An Intervention Cohort Study in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Rollins NC, Ndirangu J, Bland RM, et al
PLoS One. 2013 Dec 2;8(12):e81307.
Paper

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Exclusive breastfeeding prenatal intentions among HIV-positive mothers in Blantyre, Malawi: a correlation study.
Kafulafula UK, Hutchinson MK, Gennaro S, et al
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Nov 7;13(1):203
Paper
Efficacy and safety of an extended nevirapine regimen in infants of breastfeeding mothers with HIV-1 infection for prevention of HIV-1 transmission (HPTN 046): 18-month results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Fowler MG, Coovadia H, Herron CM, Maldonado Y, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Nov 1
Abstract

Safety of antiretroviral drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding for mother and child.
Newell ML, Bunders MJ.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Jun 5
Abstract

Maternal antiretroviral prophylaxis and breastfeeding.
Marzolini C, Gray GE.
Antivir Ther. 2012 Aug 21.
Abstract

HIV-1 Reservoirs in Breast Milk and Challenges to Elimination of Breast-Feeding Transmission of HIV-1.
Van de Perre P, Rubbo PA, Viljoen J, et al
Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jul 18;4(143):143sr3.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Children Who Acquire HIV Infection Perinatally Are at Higher Risk of Early Death than Those Acquiring Infection through Breastmilk:
A Meta-Analysis.
Becquet R, Marston M, Dabis F, et al
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e28510
Paper

Care of the HIV-Exposed Child-To Breast Feed or Not?
Seth A.
Indian J Pediatr. 2012 Mar
Abstract

Breastfeeding in HIV Exposed Infants Significantly Improves Child Health: A Prospective Study.
Kindra G, Coutsoudis A, Esposito F, Esterhuizen T
Matern Child Health J. 2011 Apr 20
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Ways ahead: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in the context of HIV.
Moland KM, van Esterik P, Sellen DW, et al
Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Oct 26;5(1):19.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Factors affecting breastfeeding cessation after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy to
prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Morgan MC, Masaba RO, Nyikuri M, Thomas TK.
AIDS Care. 2010 Jul;22(7):866-73
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Restriction of HIV-1 genotypes in breast milk does not account for the population
transmission genetic bottleneck that occurs following transmission.
Heath L, Conway S, Jones L, et al
PLoS One. 2010 Apr 20;5(4):e10213.
Paper

A WEEK-IN REVIEW FESTERED REPORT
Breastfeeding in HIV-Positive Women: What Can be Recommended?
Slater M, Stringer EM, Stringer JS
Paediatr Drugs. 2010 Feb 1;12(1):1-9.
Abstract

Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding
in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials.
Six Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine (SWEN) Study Team.
Lancet. 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):300-313.
Abstract

FULL TEXT EDITORIAL
Breast-Feeding, Antiretroviral Prophylaxis, and HIV
Gray GE, Saloojee H
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Commentary

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Extended Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to Reduce Breast-Milk HIV-1 Transmission.
Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, Mofenson LM, et al
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Paper

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Effects of Early, Abrupt Weaning for HIV-free Survival of Children in Zambia.
Kuhn L, Aldrovandi GM, Sinkala M,et al
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Paper

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 Through Breast-Feeding by Treating
Infants Prophylactically With Lamivudine in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: The Mitra Study.
Kilewo C, Karlsson K, Massawe A, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 13
Abstract

Global perspectives in breast milk contamination: infectious and toxic hazards.
Pronczuk J, Akre J, Moy G, Vallenas C.
Environ Health Perspect 2002 Jun;110(6):A349-51
Abstract

Influence of infant feeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1in Durban,
South Africa.
Coutsoudis A,
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000 Nov;918:136-44
Abstract

Is breast not best? Feeding babies born to HIV-positive mothers: bringing
balance to a complex issue.
Humphrey J, Iliff P.
Nutr Rev 2001 Apr;59(4):119-27
Abstract

Exclusive breast-feeding: does it have the potential to reduce breast-feeding
transmission of HIV-1?
Smith MM, Kuhn L
Nutr Rev 2000 Nov;58(11):333-40
Abstract

Breastfeeding by HIV-1-infected women and outcome in their infants: a cohort
study from Durban, South Africa
Bobat R, Moodley D, Coutsoudis A, Coovadia H
AIDS 1997 Nov;11(13):1627-33
Abstract

Breastmilk Replacement Feeding

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Effect of Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding on Child Growth, Infant Mortality, and HIV Transmission in Children Born to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Received Triple Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study in India.
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, et al
ISRN Pediatr. 2012;2012:763591.
Paper
Randomized Controlled Trial of Feeding a Concentrated Formula to Infants Born to Women
Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Winter HS, Oleske JM, Hughes MD, et al
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jun 16
Abstract

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
HIV, infant feeding and more perils for poor people: new WHO guidelines encourage review
of formula milk policies.
Coutsoudis A, Coovadia HM, Wilfert CM.
Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Mar;86(3):210-214.
Paper

Acceptability of Formula-Feeding to Prevent HIV Postnatal Transmission, Abidjan,
Cote d'Ivoire: ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus Study
Leroy V, Sakarovitch C, Viho I, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Oct 5;
Abstract

Immunoprophylaxis to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1.
Safrit JT, Ruprecht R, Ferrantelli L, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Feb 1; 35(2): 169-177.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Monitoring compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
Substitutes in west Africa: multisite cross sectional survey in Togo and
Burkina Faso
Aguayo VM, Ross JS, Kanon S, Ouedraogo AN, et al.
BMJ 2003;326 127
Paper

Free formula milk for infants of HIV-infected women: blessing or curse?
Coutsoudis A, Goga A, Rollins N, Coovadia H.
Health Policy Plan 2002 Jun;17(2):154-160
Abstract

Infant Feeding Strategies/Studies

Global Perspectives           Resource Limited Nation Studies/Perspectives             United States

Global Perspectives

        Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Breastfeeding and HIV transmission in the developing world: past, present, future.
Rollins N, Coovadia HM.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Jun 10.
Abstract
FULL TEXT EDITORIAL
Breast-Feeding, Antiretroviral Prophylaxis, and HIV
Gray GE, Saloojee H
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Commentary

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Extended Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to Reduce Breast-Milk HIV-1 Transmission.
Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, Mofenson LM, et al
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Paper

FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Effects of Early, Abrupt Weaning for HIV-free Survival of Children in Zambia.
Kuhn L, Aldrovandi GM, Sinkala M,et al |
N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 4.
Paper

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission to the infant through
breastfeeding: new developments.
Kourtis AP, Jamieson DJ, de Vincenzi I, et al
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;197(3 Suppl):S113-22.
Abstract

Psychosocial and community perspectives on alternatives to breastfeeding.
Bassett MT
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000 Nov;918:128-35
Abstract

Full-Text Paper
Postpartum care of the mother and newborn: a practical guide Technical
Working Group, World Health Organization.
Birth 1999 Dec;26(4):255-8
Paper

Resource-Limited Nation Perspectives

         Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Effect of Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding on Child Growth, Infant Mortality, and HIV Transmission in Children Born to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Received Triple Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study in India.
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, et al
ISRN Pediatr. 2012;2012:763591.
Paper
Demotivating infant feeding counselling encounters in southern Africa: Do counsellors need more
or different training?
Buskens I, Jaffe A.
AIDS Care. 2008 Mar;20(3):337-45.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Translating global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context:
the development of culturally sensitive counselling tools in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
Leshabari SC, Koniz-Booher P, Astrom AN, et .
Implement Sci. 2006 Oct 3;1(1):22
Paper

Full-Text Article
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developing countries:
Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV.
Dabis F, Newell ML, Fransen L
Health Policy Plan 2000 Mar;15(1):34-42
Paper

Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases
in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. WHO Collaborative Study Team
on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality.
Lancet 2000 Feb 5;355(9202):451-5
Abstract

United States

         Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Breastfeeding and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women in the United States: Harm Reduction Counseling Strategies.
Levison J, Weber S, Cohan D.
Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Apr 24.
Abstract

HIV Pregnancy Main Page Women Main Page

Neonate/Infant Feeding