Medical Advocates
Protease Inhibitors
 
Adverse Cardiovascular Events

General Reports
 Atherosclerosis
 Arteriosclerosis
 Coronary Artery Disease
 Myocardial Infarct
 Neuropathy
 
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Last Update:  October 25, 2016
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General Reports
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
 
HIV protease inhibitors in pulmonary hypertension: rationale and design of a pilot trial in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Li Y, Li XH, Yu ZX, et al  
Pulm Circ. 2015 Sep;5(3):538-46.
Abstract 

Protease inhibitors and avascular necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Permpalung N, Ungprasert P, Summachiwakij S,  et al
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014 Mar 28.
 Abstract 

HIV protease inhibitors and onset of cardiovascular diseases: A central role for oxidative stress and dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Reyskens KM, Essop MF.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Feb;1842(2):256-68.
Abstract

Protease Inhibitor-Associated QT Interval Prolongation
Hunt K, Hughes CA, Hills-Nieminen C.
 Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Nov 29..
 Abstract 

Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Cardiac Conduction Velocity in Unselected HIV-Infected Patients
 Charbit B, Gayat E, Voiriot P,m et al
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Aug
Abstract 

Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular disease: analysis of the Los Angeles County adult
spectrum of disease cohort.
 Vaughn G, Detels R.
AIDS Care. 2007 Apr;19(4):492-9.
 Abstract 
 
Intermittent viremia during first-line, protease inhibitors-containing therapy: significance and
relationship with drug resistance.
 Masquelier B, Pereira E, Peytavin G, et al 
J Clin Virol. 2005 May;33(1):75-8
 Abstract 
 
Protease inhibitor exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected
patients.
Iloeje U, Yuan Y, L'italien G, et al 
HIV Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):37-44.
 Abstract 
 
Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1.
 Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Williamson JM,
 Lancet 2002 Nov 30;360(9347):1747-8
 Abstract 
 
 
 
Atherosclerosis
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
HIV positivity, protease inhibitor exposure, and subclinical atherosclerosis:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Hulten E, Mitchell J, Scally J, Gibbs B, Villines T.
 Heart. 2009 Jul 23.
 Abstract

HIV positive patients treated with protease inhibitors have vascular changes resembling those
observed in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Lekakis J, Tsiodras S, Ikonomidis I, et al 
Clin Sci (Lond). 2008 Feb 5 ,
Abstract
 
How HIV protease inhibitors promote atherosclerotic lesion formation.
Thomas CM, Smart EJ.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2007 Oct;18(5):561-5.
Abstract
 
Estrogen receptor-alpha mediated gender differences in atherosclerosis induced by HIV
protease inhibitors.
Allred KF, Smart EJ, Wilson ME.  
J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 18;
Abstract
 
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and atheroscleosis
 induced by HIV protease inhibitors.
Rudich A, Ben-Romano R, Etzion S, Bashan N.
Acta Physiol Scand. 2005 Jan;183(1):75-88.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 IV protease inhibitors promote atherosclerotic lesion formation independent of
dyslipidemia by increasing CD36-dependent cholesteryl ester accumulation in
macrophages.
 Dressman J, Kincer J, Matveev SV, et al.
J Clin Invest 2003 Feb;111(3):389-97
 Paper

  
Arteriosclerosis
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 

Impact of Treatment With Protease Inhibitors on Aortic Stiffness in Adult Patients
With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Schillaci G, De Socio GV, Pirro M, et al;
 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Aug 25;
 Abstract  

 
Coronary Artery Disease
 
     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 

Coronary artery calcification, atherogenic lipid changes, and increased erythrocyte
volume in black injection drug users infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1
treated with protease inhibitors.
 Meng Q, Lima JA, Lai H, Vlahov D, et al
 Am Heart J 2002 Oct;144(4):642-8
 Abstract  

Stent Implantation for Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion in an HIV-Infected
Patient on Protease Inhibitors.
 Boccara F, Teiger E, Cohen A.
J Invasive Cardiol 2002 Jun;14(6):343-6  
Abstract 

  
Myocardial Infarct
       
     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Acute myocardial infarct in HIV-positive patients in treatment with protease inhibitors
 Gurgo AM, Massino Ferri F, et al
 Ital Heart J 2001 Nov;2(11 Suppl):1236-9|
 Abstract 
Neuropathy|
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Sensory neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome patients: Protease inhibitor-mediated neurotoxicity.
Pettersen JA, Jones G, Worthington C, et al 
Ann Neurol. 2006 Apr 21;59(5):816-824
Abstract 

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