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Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra/Aluvia)
 
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Last Update: April 13, 2018
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General Reports
 
 

Week 96 efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in virologically suppressed patients with HIV: a randomized non-inferiority trial (ANRS 140 DREAM).
Meynard JL, Moinot L, Landman R, Morand-Joubert L, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Mar 23.
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Arabi YM, Alothman A, Balkhy HH, , et al
Trials. 2018 Jan 30;19(1):81.
 Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Refining criteria for selecting candidates for a safe lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy in HIV-infected virologically suppressed patients.
Gianotti N, Cozzi-Lepri A, Antinori A et al..
 PLoS One. 2017 Feb 13;12(2):e0171611.
Paper

Residual HIV-1 replication may impact immune recovery in patients on first-line lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy.
Tran TA, Ghosn J, Avettand-Fenoël V, et al
 J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 May 28.
 Abstract

Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.
Sakuma S, Matsumoto S, Ishizuka N, et al
J Pharm Sci. 2015 May 18.
 Abstract

Efficacy and biological safety of lopinavir/ritonavir based anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Huang X, Xu Y, Yang Q, et al
Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 23;5:8528.
Abstract

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) in Combination with Twice Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Regimen in HIV-Infected Women: Effective Contraception, Lack of Clinically Significant Interactions, with Good Safety and Tolerability: Results of ACTG 5283.
Luque AE, Cohn SE, Park JG, et al
 Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan 26.
Abstract

Lopinavir/ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.
Téllez MJ.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2014 Nov;32 Suppl 3:22-5.
 Abstract

Lopinavir/ritonavir in new initial antiretroviral treatment strategies.
Rolón MJ, Figueroa MI, Sued O, Cahn P.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2014 Nov;32 Suppl 3:7-11
 Abstract

Lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in special situations.
Tasias M, Aldeguer JL.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2014 Nov;32 Suppl 3:18-21.
Abstract

Lopinavir/r no longer recommended as a first-line regimen: a comparative effectiveness analysis.
Potard V, Rey D, Poizot-Martin I,  et al
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Sep 25;17:19070.
 Abstract

Amino Acid Prodrugs: An Approach to Improve the Absorption of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor, Lopinavir.
Patel M, Mandava N, Gokulgandhi M, et al
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2014 Apr 10;7(4):433-52.
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Comparable Long-Term Efficacy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Similar Drug-Resistance Profiles in Different HIV-1 Subtypes.
Grossman Z, Schapiro JM, Levy I,   et al
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 27;9(1):e86239.
Paper
Meta-Analysis of the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Women.
 Hermes A, Squires K, Fredrick L, et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2012 Nov-Dec;13(6):308-23.
Abstract

HIV protease inhibitor Lopinavir induces apoptosis of primary effusion lymphoma cells via suppression of NF-κB pathway.
Kariya R, Taura M, Suzu S,  et al
Cancer Lett. 2013 Sep 5
 Abstract
Lopinavir/ritonavir single agent therapy as a universal combination antiretroviral therapy stopping strategy: results from the STOP 1 and STOP 2 studies.
Taylor S, Jayasuriya A, Fisher M, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Dec 14
 Abstract

Comparative Effectiveness of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens: ACTG 5095 and 5142 Clinical Trials Relative to ART-CC Cohort Study.
 Mugavero MJ, May M, Ribaudo HJ,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Aug 18
 Abstract

Comparative gender analysis of the efficacy and safety of atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir at 96 weeks in the CASTLE study.
 Squires KE, Johnson M, Yang R, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Dec 9.
 Abstract

Low rate of virological failure and maintenance of susceptibility to HIV-1 protease inhibitors with first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral treatment in clinical practice.
Prosperi MC, Zazzi M, Punzi G, et al
J Med Virol. 2010 Dec;82(12):1996-2003
 Abstract

Lopinavir/Ritonavir: A Review of its Use in the Management of HIV-1 Infection.
 Croxtall JD, Perry CM.
Drugs. 2010 Oct 1;70(14):1885-1915
 Abstract

Suboptimal adherence to darunavir/ritonavir has minimal effect on efficacy compared with lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive, HIV-infected patients: 96 week ARTEMIS data.
Nelson M, Girard PM, Demasi R,   et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Jul;65(7):1505-9.
Abstract

Age-Related Changes in Plasma Concentrations of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Lopinavir.
 Crawford KW, Spritzler J, Kalayjian RC,  et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Jun;26(6):635-43.
 Abstract

The relation between treatment outcome and efavirenz, atazanavir or lopinavir exposure in the NORTHIV trial of treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected patients.
Josephson F, Andersson MC, Flamholc L, et al 
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Apr;66(4):349-57
 Abstract

Similar Safety and Efficacy of Once- and Twice-Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir Tablets in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Subjects at 48 Weeks.
Zajdenverg R, Podsadecki TJ, Badal-Faesen S, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Feb 3
 Abstract

Identification of new genotypic cut-off levels to predict the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir in the TITAN trial.
 Hill A, Marcelin AG, Calvez V.
HIV Med. 2009 Jul 6.
Abstract

Good response to lopinavir/ritonavir-containing antiretroviral regimens in antiretroviral-naive HIV-2-infected patients.
Bénard A, Damond F, Campa P, et al  
AIDS. 2009 Apr 3.
 Abstract
 
FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
 Significant improvements in self-reported gastrointestinal tolerability, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and adherence with lopinavir/ritonavir tablet formulation compared with soft gel capsules.
 Schrader S, Chuck SK, Rahn LW, et al 
AIDS Res Ther. 2008 Sep 17;5(1):21.
 Paper
 
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Low-level viremia persists for at least 7 years in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
Palmer S, Maldarelli F, Wiegand A, et al
 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 10
Paper
 
Effect of an Antiretroviral Regimen Containing Ritonavir Boosted Lopinavir on Intestinal and Hepatic CYP3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein in HIV-infected Patients.
Wyen C, Fuhr U, Frank D, et al 
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 9
Abstract
 
A predictive genotypic algorithm for virologic response to lopinavir/ritonavir in protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
King MS, Rode R, Cohen-Codar I, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jun 18;
 Abstract
 
HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Achieve High Rates of Virologic Suppression Despite Adherence
Rates Less Than 95%.
Shuter J, Sarlo JA, Kanmaz TJ, et al 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 May 1;45(1):4-8.
Abstract
 
Evidence of Ongoing Immune Reconstitution in Subjects with Sustained Viral Suppression following 6 Years of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Treatment.
Landay A, da Silva BA, King MS, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44(5):749-54.
 Abstract
 
The use of drug resistance algorithms and genotypic inhibitory quotient in prediction of lopinavir-ritonavir treatment response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1
protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
Maillard A, Chapplain JM, Tribut O, et al
 J Clin Virol. 2007 Jan 3;
Abstract
 
Long-Term Immunologic Outcome in HAART-Experienced Subjects Receiving Lopinavir/Ritonavir.
 Bongiovanni M, Bini T, Casana M, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 Nov;22(11):1096-105.
 Abstract
 
A Retrospective TDM Database Analysis of Interpatient Variability in the Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir in HIV-infected Adults.
van der Leur MR, Burger DM, la Porte CJ, Koopmans PP.
Ther Drug Monit. 2006 Oct;28(5):650-653
 Abstract
 
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Pharmacoeconomic analysis of a maintenance strategy with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in HIV-infected patients.
Escobar I, Pulido F, Perez E, et al 
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2006 Oct;24(8):490-4
 Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Long-term safety and durable antiretroviral activity of lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive patients: 4 year follow-up study
Hicks C, King M, ; Gulick R, et al
 AIDS: Vol 18(5) 26 March 2004 pp 775-779
Paper

Remission of HIV-associated myelopathy after initiation of lopinavir in a patient with extensive previous exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy
Eyer-Silva WA,Couto-Fernandez JC, Caetano M,et al
AIDS: Vol16(17) 22 November 2002 pp 2367-2369
Letter
Dosing Studies
 
 

Neither branded nor generic lopinavir/ritonavir produces adequate lopinavir concentrations at a reduced dose of 200/50 mg BID.
Ramautarsing RA, van der Lugt J, Gorowara M,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Oct 24.
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Polymorphism in Gag Gene Cleavage Sites of HIV-1 Non-B Subtype and Virological Outcome of a First-Line Lopinavir/Ritonavir Single Drug Regimen.
 Ghosn J, Delaugerre C, Flandre P et al
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24798.
Paper

Efficacy of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Reduced Dose in HIV-Infected Patients.
 Lattuada E, Lanzafame M, Vento S.
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011 Jun 30
 Abstract

Short Communication: Comparable Safety and Efficacy with Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Dosing of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Tablets with Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF in Antiretroviral-Naïve, HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects: 96 Week Final Results of
the Randomized Trial M05-730.
González-García J, Cohen D, Johnson M, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Jul 30
 Abstract

Impact of reduced dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir in virologically controlled HIV-infected patients: the Kaledose trial.
 Meynard JL, Morand-Joubert L, et al 
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Nov 17.
 Abstract

A Once-Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Regimen Is Noninferior to Twice-Daily Dosing and Results in Similar Safety and Tolerability in Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects Through 48 Weeks.
 Gathe J, Silva BA, Cohen DE,
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Feb 16
 Abstract
 
A Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Once-Daily Regimen Results in Better Compliance and Is Non-inferior to a Twice-Daily Regimen Through 96 Weeks.
 Molina JM, Podsadecki TJ, Johnson MA, et al 
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Dec;23(12):1505-1514.
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir/Ritonavir Pharmacokinetic Profile: Impact of Sex and Other Covariates Following a Change From Twice-Daily to Once-Daily Therapy.
Ofotokun I, Chuck SK, Binongo JN, et al 
J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 5
 Abstract
 

A Once-Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Regimen Provides Noninferior Antiviral Activity Compared With a Twice-Daily Regimen.
Johnson MA, Gathe JC Jr, Podzamczer D, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Aug 31;
Abstract

Once-Daily versus Twice-Daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Patients: A 48-Week Randomized Clinical Trial
Eron JJ, Feinberg J, Kessler HA, et al
J Infect Dis. 2004 Jan 15; 189(2): 265-72
 Abstract
Monotherapy
 
 
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma lopinavir concentrations and viral response in virologically suppressed patients switching to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy once daily.
Tiraboschi JM, Knobel H, Imaz A,
 Antivir Ther. 2015 Dec 14
 Abstract

Boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy in HIV-infected patients: results of a study in a real life setting.
Di Benedetto N, Montero-Alonso M, Blanes M, et al
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2015 Oct;28(5):235-41
 Abstract

Lopinavir/ritonavir Monotherapy As Second-line Antiretroviral Treatment in Resource-limited Settings - Week 104 Analysis of ACTG A5230
Kumarasamy N, Aga E, Ribaudo HJ,  et al 
Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 18. pii: civ109
 Abstract

Randomized trial of DRV/r or LPV/r QD monotherapy vs maintaining a PI/r-based antiretroviral regimen in persons with suppressed HIV replication.
Pinnetti C, Lorenzini P, Cozzi-Lepri A, et al
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Nov 2;17(4(Suppl 3)):19809
 Abstract

HIV-1 subtype influences susceptibility and response to monotherapy with the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir.
Sutherland KA, Ghosn J, Gregson J,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Sep 16.
Abstract

Effectiveness of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy in the clinical setting: same results as in clinical trials? The PIMOCS Study Group.
 Curran A, Monteiro P, Domingo P,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jan 10.
 Abstract

Ritonavir-Boosted Lopinavir as Maintenance Monotherapy in HIV-Infected Patients Who Achieved Viral Suppression during a Second-Line Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimen: A Pilot Randomized Trial (BIDI-MONO).
Siripassorn K, Chottanapund S, Prasithsirikul W, Manosuthi W.
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2013 Dec 30
 Abstract
Durability of Lopinavir/ritonavir mono-therapy in individuals with viral load ≤50 copies/mL in the observational setting.
Monforte AD, Gianotti N, Cozzi-Lepri A,  et al A
ntivir Ther. 2013 Sep 13.
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Virological efficacy in cerebrospinal fluid and neurocognitive status in patients with long-term monotherapy based on lopinavir/ritonavir: an exploratory study.
Santos JR, Muñoz-Moreno JA, et al
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 26;8(7):
 Paper

Lopinavir plasma concentrations and virological outcome on lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in HIV-1-infected patients.
Lopez-Cortes LF, Ruiz-Valderas R, Sánchez-Rivas E, et al  
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 May 28.
 Abstract

Durability of lopinavir/r monotherapy in people with viral load ≤50 copies/Ml.
d'Arminio Monforte A, Cozzi-Lepri A,  et al
J Int AIDS Soc. 2012 Nov 11;15(6):18378.
Abstract

Marked Increase of the Astrocytic Marker S100B in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV-infected Patients on LPV/r-Monotherapy.
 Pasquier RA, Jilek S, Kalubi M,  et al
 AIDS. 2012 Oct 1
 Abstract

Neurocognitive impairment in patients randomized to second-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy vs. lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy.
 Bunupuradah T, Chetchotisakd P, Jirajariyavej S, et al
J Neurovirol. 2012 Sep 20. [
 Abstract

Lopinavir/Ritonavi Monotherapy after 24 Weeks of Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in  Africa: A Randomized Controlled Trial (SARA).
 [No authors listed]
Antivir Ther. 2012 Jul 19.
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
 Long-term treatment outcomes of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir monotherapy among HIV-infected patients who experienced NRTI and NNRTI failure.
 Manosuthi W, Thongyen S, Nilkamhang S,  et al 
AIDS Res Ther. 2012 Mar 13;9(1
 Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Pilot, Randomized Study Assessing Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Simplified LPV/r Maintenance Therapy in HIV Patients on the 1 PI-Based Regimen.
Cahn P, Montaner J, Junod P, et al
PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23726.
Paper

Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus current treatment continuation for maintenance therapy of HIV-1 infection: the KALESOLO trial.
 Meynard JL, Bouteloup V, Landman R,   et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Sep 15
 Abstract

Lopinavir/Ritonavir Dosage Form Affects Quality of Life During Monotherapy in HIV-Positive Adults.
Yeh R, Lipman BA, Mayberry C,  et al
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep 14
 Abstract

Randomized controlled study demonstrating failure of LPV/r monotherapy in HIV: the role of compartment and CD4-nadir.
 Gutmann C, Cusini A, Günthard HF, et al
AIDS. 2010 Aug 26
 Abstract

Impact of 48 week lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy on blood cell-associated HIV-1-DNA in the MONARK trial.
 Avettand-Fenoel V, Flandre P, Chaix ML,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 May;65(5):1005-7.
 Abstract

Monotherapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir as Maintenance After HIV-1 Viral Suppression:Results of a 96-Week Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Pilot Trial (KalMo Study).
Nunes EP, Santini de Oliveira M, Merçon M, et al 
HIV Clin Trials. 2009 Nov-Dec;10(6):368-74.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
 Treatment outcomes and plasma level of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir monotherapy among HIV-infected patients who had NRTI and NNRTI failure.
 Manosuthi W, Kiertiburanakul S, Amornnimit W, et al
AIDS Res Ther. 2009 Dec 23;6(1):30
 Paper

Long-term (96-week) follow-up of antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients treated with first-line lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in the MONARK trial.
Ghosn J, Flandre P, Cohen-Codar I, Girard PM, et al 
HIV Med. 2009 Aug 13
 Abstract

Risk factors for loss of virological suppression in patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy for maintenance of HIV suppression.
 Pulido F, Pérez-Valero I, Delgado R, et al 
Antivir Ther. 2009;14(2):195-201.
 Abstract

Seven-Year Follow-Up on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy.
 Pierone G Jr, Mieras J, Martin A, Urban T.
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). 2009 May
Abstract

Lopinavir-Ritonavir Monotherapy Versus Lopinavir-Ritonavir and 2 Nucleosides for Maintenance Therapy of HIV: 96-Week Analysis.
 Arribas JR, Delgado R, Arranz A,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Apr 4
 Abstract

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of a maintenance strategy with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in HIV-infected patients
Escobar I, Pulido F, Pérez E, Arribas JR, etal
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2006 Oct;24(8):490-4.
 Abstract
 
Prognostic factors for virological response in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in the MONARK Trial randomized to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir alone.
 Flandre P, Delaugerre C, Ghosn J, et al 
Antivir Ther. 2009;14(1):93-7.
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as a simplification strategy in antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice
Moltó J, Clotet B.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008 Dec;26 Suppl 16:24-6.
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as a simplification strategy in antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice
Moltó J, Clotet B.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008 Dec;26 Suppl 16:24-6.
Abstract
 
Effect of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy on quality of life and self-reported symptoms among antiretroviral-naive patients: results of the MONARK trial.
 Spire B, Marcellin F, Cohen-Codar I, et al
 Antivir Ther. 2008;13(4):591-9.
 Abstract
 
Long-term (4 years) efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy for maintenance of HIV suppression.
Pulido F, Delgado R, Pérez-Valero I, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Mar 13
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as maintenance treatment in HIV-infected individuals with virological suppression: results from a pilot study in Brazil.
Sprinz E, Bay MB, Lazzaretti RK, et al   
HIV Med. 2008 Mar 10
Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy or plus zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients.
Delfraissy JF, Flandre P, Delaugerre C,et al
AIDS. 2008 Jan 30;22(3):385-93.
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides for maintenance therapy of HIV.
 Pulido F, Arribas JR, Delgado R, et al 
AIDS. 2008 Jan 11;22(2):F1-F9.
 Abstract
 
Monotherapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Schechter M, Nunes EP.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 May;16(5):735-41
 Abstract

 

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
 Lopinavir/Ritonavir as Single-Drug Therapy for Maintenance of HIV-1 Viral Suppression: 48-Week Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Proof-of-Concept Pilot Clinical Trial (OK Study).
Arribas JR, Pulido F, Delgado R, et al  
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Nov 1;40(3):280-287.
 Abstract
 
Risk Factors
 

Elevated Liver Enzymes

  Lopinavir/ritonavir treatment in HIV antiretroviral-experienced patients: evaluation of risk factors for liver enzyme elevation
Meraviglia P, Schiavini M, Castagna A, et al
HIV Med. 2004 Sep;5(5):334-343.
 Abstract

Elevated Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels

  Decrease in LDL size in HIV-positive adults before and after lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen: an index of atherogenicity?
Badiou S, Merle De Boever C, et al.
Atherosclerosis 2003 May;168(1):107-13
 Abstract

Antiretroviral therapies.
Dominguez S, Bricaire F
Presse Med 2000 Dec 2;29(37):2065-8 
Abstract

  
Simplification Therapy
 
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir in new simplification strategies in antiretroviral therapy.
Sebastián Mde L, Pardo OB, Ortega FP.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2014 Nov;32 Suppl 3:12-7.
Abstract

Predictors of Loss of Virologic Response in Subjects Who Simplified to Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapyfrom Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Zidovudine/Lamivudine.
 Campo RE, Da Silva BA, Cotte L, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Mar 17.
 Abstract

Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as a simplification strategy in the treatment of HIV-1 infection
Pulido Ortega F, Llenas-García J.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008 Dec;26 Suppl 16:24-6.
Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as a simplification strategy in antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice
Moltó J, Clotet B.
 Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008 Dec;26 Suppl 16:24-6.
Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as a simplification strategy in routine clinical practice.
 Moltó J, Santos JR, Negredo E, et al 
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Jun 7;
 Abstract
 
The level of persistent HIV viremia does not increase after successful simplification of maintenance therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir alone.
McKinnon JE, Arribas JR, Pulido F, et al 
AIDS. 2006 Nov 28;20(18):2331-5.
 Abstract
 
Switching Therapy
 
 
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 .High quality of life, treatment tolerability, safety and efficacy in HIV patients switching from triple therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy: A randomized clinical trial
Pasquau J, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Montes ML, et al
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 12;13(4):e0195068.
 Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTiCLE
 Improved kidney function in patients who switch their protease inhibitor from atazanavir or lopinavir to darunavir.
Jose S, Nelson M, Phillips A, ..et al
 AIDS. 2017 Feb 20;31(4):485-492.P
 Paper

Body composition and metabolic outcomes after 96 weeks of treatment with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus either nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors or raltegravir in patients with HIV with virological failure of a standard first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen: a substudy of the randomised, open-label, non-inferiority SECOND-LINE study.
Boyd MA, Amin J, Mallon PW, Kumarasamy N, et al
Lancet HIV. 2016 Nov 1.
 Abstract

Switching Lopinavir/Ritonavir to Atazanavir/Ritonavir vs Adding Atorvastatin in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy With Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Wangpatharawanit P, Sungkanuparph S.
Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 11
 Abstract

Improvement of BMD after Switching from Lopinavir/R Plus Two Nucleos(T)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors to Lopinavir/R Plus Lamivudine: OLE-LIP Substudy.
Crespo M, Navarro J, Martin
ez-Rebollar M,  et al
 HIV Clin Trials. 2016 May;17(3):89-95.
 Abstract

 Immunological and Virological Outcomes of Patients Switched from LPV/r to ATV/r-Containing Second- Line Regimens.
Akanmu AS, Adeyemo T, Lesi F, et al
 Curr HIV Res. 2015;13(3):176-83.
 Abstract

Switching to lopinavir/ritonavir with or without abacavir/lamivudine in lipoatrophic patients treated with zidovudine/abacavir/lamivudine.
 Bernardino JI, Pulido F, Martinez E,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Feb 5.
 Abstract

A Switch in Therapy to a Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Sparing Combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Raltegravir in Virologically Suppressed HIV-infected Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety Profile: The KITE Study.
Ofotokun I, Sheth AN, Sanford SE,  et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Feb 26
 Abstract

Beneficial Effects of a Switch to a Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-Containing Regimen for Patients with Partial or No Immune Reconstitution with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Despite Complete
Viral Suppression.
 Pitrak DL, Estes R, Novak RM, Linnares-Diaz M, Tschampa JM.
 AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Nov 7.
 Abstract

Efficacy and tolerability of a double boosted protease inhibitor (lopinavir + saquinavir/ritonavir) regimen in HIV-infected patients who failed treatment with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S, Mootsikapun P, et al
 HIV Med. 2007 Nov;8(8):529-535.
 Abstract
 
Kaletra Single Agent HAART after Intolerance of NRTI- and NNRTI-Containing Regimens Following Kidney Transplantation.
 Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Kurowski M, et al
 Infection. 2007 Jun;35(3):194-6.
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected patient with long-term virological failure: immunovirological response and tolerance in 121 patients of the ANRS CO8
Aproco-Copilote cohort.
Brunet-Francois C, Taieb A, Masquelier B, et al 
Med Mal Infect. 2007 Jan 16;
 Abstract
 
Use of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected patients failing a first-line protease-inhibitor-containing HAART.
Bongiovanni M, Chiesa E, Di Biagio A, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Apr 11
 Abstract

Immunovirological outcomes in 70 HIV-1-infected patients who switched to lopinavir/ritonavir after failing at least one  protease inhibitor-containing regimen: a retrospective cohort study.
Bongiovanni M, Bini T, Tordato F, et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Jan;51(1):171-4.
 Abstract

  
Salvage Therapy
 
 
Once-daily directly observed therapy lopinavir/ritonavir plus indinavir as a protease inhibitor-only salvage therapy in heavily pretreated HIV-1-infected patients: a pilot study.
Elzi L, Hirsch HH, Battegay M.
AIDS. 2006 Jan 2;20(1):129-31.
 Abstract
 
Response of HIV positive patients to the long-term salvage therapy by lopinavir/ritonavir.
Vaclavikova J, Machala L, Stankova M, et al 
J Clin Virol. 2005 Aug;33(4):319-23
 Abstract
 
Lopinavir Plasma Concentrations and Changes in Lipid Levels During Salvage Therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Containing Regimens.
Gutierrez F, Padilla S, Navarro A, et al 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Aug 15;33(5):594-600.
 Abstract
 
HIV-1 Phenotypic Susceptibility to Lopinavir (LPV) and Genotypic Analysis in LPV/r-Naive Subjects With Prior Protease InhibitorExperience.
Monno L, Saracino A, Scudeller L, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Aug 1;33(4):439-447.
 Abstract
 
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Lopinavir/ritonavir plus saquinavir in salvage therapy; pharmacokinetics, tolerability and efficacy.
la Porte C JL,  Wasmuth J-C,  Schneider K,  et al
AIDS. 17(11):1700-1702, July 25, 2003.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Clinical use of lopinavir/ritonavir in a salvage therapy setting: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Boffito M, Arnaudo I, Raiteri R, et al.
 AIDS 2002 Oct 18;16(15):2081-3
 Paper

FULL TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Salvage treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) in HIV-infected patients failing all current antiretroviral drug families
Mendoza CD, Martin-Carbonero L, Barreiro P , et al.
HIV Clin Trials 2002 Jul-Aug;3(4):304-9
 Paper

  
Treatment Interruption
 
  FULL TEXT PDF ARTICLE
 Interruption to treatment with combined lopinavir/ritonavir therapy in HIV positive patients
 Sanfélix Gimeno G, Rocher Milla A, Roldán García G, et al 
Farm Hosp. 2007 Aug;31(4):206-211.
 Paper
Treatment Failure
 
 
Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus raltegravir for treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with virological failure of a standard first-line ART regimen (SECOND-LINE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study.
 SECOND-LINE Study Group, Boyd MA, Kumarasamy N, Moore CL, et al
Lancet. 2013 Jun 15;381(9883):2091-9.
 Abstract

Low lopinavir plasma or hair concentrations explain second line protease inhibitor failures in a resource-limited setting.
 van Zyl GU, van Mens TE, McIlleron H,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Jan 13.
 Abstract

Failure of Treatment with First-Line Lopinavir Boosted with Ritonavir Can Be Explained by Novel Resistance Pathways with Protease Mutation 76V.
 Nijhuis M, Wensing AM, Bierman WF, et al
 J Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 23
 Abstract
Transplantations
 
Kidney
 
  Kaletra Single Agent HAART after Intolerance of NRTI- and NNRTI-Containing Regimens Following Kidney Transplantation.
Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Kurowski M, et al
 Infection. 2007 Jun;35(3):194-6.
 Abstract
 
Liver
 
 
Management of drug-to-drug interactions between cyclosporine A and the protease-inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir in liver-transplanted HIV-infected patients.
Vogel M, Voigt E, Michaelis HC, et al
Liver Transpl. 2004 Jul;10(7):939-44.
 Abstract

Effect of coadministered lopinavir and ritonavir (Kaletra) on tacrolimus blood concentration in liver transplantation patients.
Jain AB, Venkataramanan R, Eghtesad B, et al
Liver Transpl. 2003 Sep;9(9):954-960.
 Abstract
HIV/TB Coinfections
 
 
Impact of lopinavir/ritonavir or nevirapine on bedaquiline exposures: potential implications for patients with TB/HIV co-infection
Svensson EM, Dooley KE, Karlsson MO.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug 11
 Abstract

Double-dose lopinavir-ritonavir in combination with rifampicin-based anti-tuberculosis treatment in South Africa.
Sunpath H, Winternheimer P, Cohen S,  et al
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014 Jun;18(6):689-93
 Abstract

FULL-YEXT ARTICLE
 Coadministration of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Rifampicin in HIV and Tuberculosis Co-Infected Adults in South Africa.
Murphy RA, Marconi VC, Gandhi RT
PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44793
 Paper

Lopinavir pharmacokinetic profiles in HIV-infected patients during rifabutin-based anti-mycobacterial therapy.
Matteelli A, Villani P, Carvalho AC,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Jun 7.  
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 The Safety, Effectiveness and Concentrations of Adjusted Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV-Infected Adults on Rifampicin-Based Antitubercular Therapy.
 Decloedt EH, Maartens G, Smith P, et al
PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32173.
Paper

HIV and TB coinfection: using adjusted doses of lopinavir/ritonavir with rifampin.
 Curran A, Ribera E.
 Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011 Dec;9(12):1115-8.
 Abstract
FULL TEXT PDF ARTICLE
 Interruption to treatment with combined lopinavir/ritonavir therapy in HIV positive patients
 Sanfélix Gimeno G, Rocher Milla A, Roldán García G, et al 
Farm Hosp. 2007 Aug;31(4):206-211.
 Paper
HIV/Malaria Coinfection
 
 

 
The effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on the antimalarial activity of artemether or artemether/lumefantrine in a mouse model of Plasmodium berghei.
Abiodun OO, Akinbo J, Ojurongbe O.
 J Chemother. 2014 Jan 16:1973947813Y0000000158
 Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 The Frequency of Malaria Is Similar among Women Receiving either Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Nevirapine-based Antiretroviral Treatment.
Skinner-Adams TS , Butterworth AS , Porter KA , et al.
PLoS ONE 7(4): e34399.
Paper

Lower atovaquone/proguanil concentrations in patients taking efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir.
van Luin M, Van der Ende ME, Richter C,  et al
AIDS. 2010 May 15;24(8):1223-6.
 Abstract
Post-exposure Prophylaxis
 
  Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection: a clinical trial comparing lopinavir/ritonavir versus atazanavir each with zidovudine/lamivudine.
Diaz-Brito V, León A, Knobel H,  et al
 Antivir Ther. 2011 Nov 25.
 Abstract
Generic Lopinavir
 
  Lack of bioavailability of generic lopinavir/ritonavir not prequalified by WHO marketed in Africa (Congo Brazzaville)
Camara S, Zucman D, Vasse M, et al
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2014 Sep 25
 Abstract

Generic antiretroviral drugs in developing countries: friends or foes?
Zucman D, Camara S, Gravisse J, et al
AIDS. 2013 Dec 28.
 Abstract

Pharmacokinetics and 48 week safety and efficacy of generic lopinavir/ritonavir in Thai HIV-infected patients.
 No authors listed] 
Antivir Ther. 2012 Aug 20.
Abstract

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