Medical Advocates

Ritonavir
(Norvir)
 
Journal Citations

General Reports                  Non-HIV Indications
Animal Studies                   
Perinatal Data 
In Vitro Studies                    
Diagnostics
Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Pharmacology 
Adverse Events
Drug/Drug Interactions
Combination Therapy: General Data

Adolescent/Adult Indications
Treatment Strategies


Ritonavir Main Page   Main New/Newsworthy  Home Page    

Last Update:  February 19, 2018
 Documents identified with this icon are in Portable Document Format (PDF) and require the Adobe Acrobat Reader
General Reports
 

 
Impact of ritonavir dose and schedule on CYP3A inhibition and venetoclax clinical pharmacokinetics.
Freise KJ, Hu B, Salem AH.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol
. 2018 Jan 4
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Long-term effectiveness of initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy: implications for first-line therapy choice in resource-limited settings.
Lima VD, Hull M, McVea D, et al
J Int AIDS Soc
. 2016 Aug 5;19(1):20978.

Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Response to First-Line Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors (PI/r)-Based Regimens in HIV Positive Patients Presenting to Care with Low CD4 Counts: Data from the Icona Foundation Cohort.
d'Arminio Monforte A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Maggiolo F,  et al
PLoS One
. 2016 Jun 27;11(6):e0156360.
Paper

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy in Clinical Practice Even with Previous Virological Failures to Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens.

López-Cortés LF, Castaño MA, López-Ruz MA, et al
PLoS On
e
. 2016 Feb 12;11(2):e0148924.
Paper

Late treatment failures in cerebrospinal fluid in patients on long-term maintenance ART with ritonavir-boosted protease PI monotherapy.
Kahlert C, Bregenzer A, Gutmann C, et al 
Infection
. 2015 Dec 11

Abstract

Potential association between rosuvastatin use and high atazanavir trough concentrations in ritonavir-treated HIV-infected patients.
Gervasoni C, Riva A, Rizzardini G, et al
Antivir The
r
. 2014 Oct 3.
Abstract

Characterization of Ritonavir-Mediated Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4.
Rock BM, Hengel SM, Rock DA, et al
Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1
Abstract

Investigating the contribution of CYP2J2 to ritonavir metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
Kaspera R, Kirby BJ, Sahele T, et al
Biochem Pharmacol
. 2014 Jun 25.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Moving Away from Ritonavir, Abacavir, Tenofovir, and Efavirenz (RATE) - Agents That Concern Prescribers and Patients: A Feasibility Study and Call for a Trial.
Achhra AC, Boyd MA, Law MG, et al
PLoS One
. 2014 Jun 26;9(6):e99530.
Paper

Intracellular antiviral activity of low-dose ritonavir in boosted protease inhibitors regimens.
De Nicolò A, Simiele M, Calcagno A,  et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 May 5
Abstract

Ritonavir Analogues As A Probe For Deciphering The Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitory Mechanism.
Sevrioukova IF, Poulos TL.
Curr Top Med Chem
. 2014 May 6.
Abstract

Identifying the optimal dose of ritonavir in the treatment of malignancies.
Moawad EY.
Metab Brain Dis
. 2013 Nov 19.
Abstract

In HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not related to hepatitis C virus treatment responses but were associated with ritonavir use.
Branch AD, Kang M, Hollabaugh K,  et al
Am J Clin Nutr
. 2013 Jun 5
Abstract

Time-dependent interaction of ritonavir in chronic use: The power balance between inhibition and induction of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A.
Fukushima K, Kobuchi S, Mizuhara K, et al
J Pharm Sci
. 2013 Apr 15.
Abstract

Discordant Associations Between SLCO1B1 521T→C and Plasma Levels of Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitors in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5146.
Zhang X, Tierney C, Albrecht M,  et al
Ther Drug Monit
. 2013 Apr;35(2):209-216.
Abstract

The Antiretroviral Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir Accelerates Glutathione Export from Cultured Primary Astrocytes.
Arend C, Brandmann M, Dringen R.
Neurochem Res. 2013 Jan 23
Abstract

RP-HPLC separation and characterization of unknown impurities of a novel HIV-protease inhibitor Darunavir by ESI-MS and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Nageswara Rao R, Ramachandra B, Santhakumar K.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012 Nov 29;75C:186-191
Abstract

Intracellular accumulation of ritonavir combined with different protease inhibitors and correlations between concentrations in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
D'Avolio A, Simiele M, Calcagno A,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother
. 2012 Dec 5
Abstract

Injecting epidural and intra-articular triamcinolone in HIV-positive patients on ritonavir: beware of iatrogenic
Cushing's syndrome.
Maviki M, Cowley P, Marmery H.
Skeletal Radiol. 2012 Nov 15.
Abstract

MIA-QSAR modeling of the anti-HIV-1 protease activities and cytotoxicities of Ritonavir analogs.
Silva DG, Freitas MP.
Curr Drug Saf
. 2012 Oct 9.
Abstract

Secondary Patenting Of Branded Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study Of How Patents On Two HIV Drugs
Could Be Extended For Decades.
Amin T, Kesselheim AS.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Oct;31
Abstract

Boosting of HIV Protease Inhibitors by Ritonavir in the Intestine: The Relative Role of Cyp and P-gp
Inhibition Based on Caco-2 monolayers Versus In Situ Intestinal Perfusion in Mice.
Holmstock NF, Annaert PP, Augustijns P.
 
rug Metab Dispos
. 2012 May 1
Abstract

Ritonavir or saquinavir impair the invasion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells via a reduction of MMP
expression and activity.
Barillari G, Iovane A, Bacigalupo I, et al
AIDS. 2012 Feb 4.
Abstract

Ritonavir stimulates foam cell formation by activating PKC.
Xiang J, Sun G, Mu Y, et al
Chem Biol Interact
. 2011 Oct 12.
Abstract

Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of novel amino alcohols containing central core of the
anti-HIV drugs Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
Gomes CR, Moreth M, Cardinot D,  et al
Chem Biol Drug Des
. 2011 Sep 20.
Abstract

Ritonavir inhibits the two main prasugrel bioactivation pathways in vitro:
a potential drug-drug interaction in HIV patients.
Daali Y, Ancrenaz V, Bosilkovska M, et al |
Metabolism
. 2011 May 5.
Abstract

Heat-stable ritonavir tablets: a new formulation of a pharmacokinetic enhancer for HIV.
Sherman EM, Steinberg JG.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
. 2010 Dec 10.
Abstract

Efficacy of Tat-conjugated ritonavir-loaded nanoparticles in reducing HIV-1 replication in
monocyte-derived macrophages and cytocompatibility with macrophages and human neurons.
Borgmann K, Rao KS, Labhasetwar V, Ghorpade A.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
. 2010 Dec 23
Abstract

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method development for determination of
impurities in Ritonavir.
Carvalho AZ, El-Attug MN, Zayed SE, et al  
J Pharm Biomed Anal
. 2010 Aug 16.
Abstract

Postprandial lipid effects of low-dose ritonavir vs. raltegravir in HIV-uninfected adults.
Samaras K, Richardson R, Carr A.  
AIDS
. 2010 Jul 17;24(11):1727-31
Abstract

Investigation of low-dose ritonavir on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using
gene expression whole genome microarrays.
Yilmaz S, Boffito M, Collot-Teixeira S, et al
Genomics
. 2010 Jul;96(1):57-65.
Abstract

Boosting Dose Ritonavir Does Not Alter Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy
HIV-Seronegative Volunteers.
Taylor SA, Lee GA, Pao VY, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Jun 30.
Abstract

Protease inhibitors atazanavir, lopinavir and ritonavir are potent blockers, but
poor substrates, of ABC transporters in a broad panel of ABC transporter-
overexpressing cell lines.
Bierman WF, Scheffer GL, Schoonderwoerd A,  et al
J Antimicrob Chemother
. 2010 Jun 15
Abstract

Effect of ritonavir and atazanavir on human subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation
and differentiation.
Caso G, Mileva I, McNurlan MA, et al
Antiviral Res
. 2010 Feb 10
Abstract

A WEEK-IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
The impact of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on the plasma concentration of lopinavir and ritonavir
in HIV-infected men.

Kohlrausch FB, de Cássia Estrela R,

Br J Clin Pharmacol
. 2010 Jan;69(1):95-8.
Abstract

How much ritonavir is needed to boost protease inhibitors? Systematic review of 17
dose-ranging pharmacokinetic trials.
Hill A, van der Lugt J, Sawyer W, Boffito M.
AIDS. 2009 Oct 3.
Abstract

Mutation T74S in HIV-1 subtype B and C proteases resensitizes them to ritonavir and
indinavir and confers fitness advantage.
Soares EA, Santos AF, Gonzalez LM, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother
. 2009 Aug 26.
Abstract

HIV monotherapy with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors: a systematic review.
Bierman WF, van Agtmael MA, Nijhuis M, et al
AIDS
. 2008 Dec 24.
Abstract
 

WNT/{beta}-Catenin Signaling Is Involved in Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir. Relationship to Human Immunodeficiency
Virus-Linked Bone Mineral Loss.
Modarresi R, Xiang Z, Yin M, Laurence J.
Am J Pathol
. 2008 Dec 18
Abstract
 
Ritonavir and disulfiram have potential to inhibit caspase-1 mediated inflammation and reduce
neurological sequelae after minor blast exposure.
Foley K, Kast RE, Altschuler EL.
Med Hypotheses
. 2008 Nov 10
Abstract
 
Ritonavir increases CD36, ABCA1 and CYP27 expression in THP-1 macrophages.
Pou J, Rebollo A, Roglans N, et al  
Exp Biol Med
(Maywood). 2008 Oct 10.
Abstract
 
An HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir targets the nuclear factor-kappaB and inhibits the tumor growth
and infiltration of EBV-positive lymphoblastoid B cells.

Dewan MZ, Tomita M, Katano H, et al
Int J Cancer. 2008 Sep 15.
Abstract
 
Molecular dynamic simulations analysis of ritronavir and lopinavir as SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitors.
Nukoolkarn V, Lee VS, Malaisree M, Aruksakulwong O, Hannongbua S.
 J Theor Biol. 2008 Jul 29.
Abstract
 
Effect of atazanavir and ritonavir on the differentiation and adipokine secretion of human subcutaneous
and omental preadipocytes.
Jones SP, Waitt C, Sutton R, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M.  
AIDS.
2008 Jul 11;22(11):1293-8.
Abstract
 
FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Rate limiting steps in hepatic drug clearance: comparison of hepatocellular uptake and
metabolism with microsomal metabolism of saquinavir, nelfinavir and ritonavir.

Parker A, Houston JB.
Drug Metab Dispos
. 2008 Apr 21
Paper
 
Estrogen prevents cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages induced by the HIV protease
inhibitor ritonavir.

Wilson ME, Sengoku T, Allred KF.

J Cell Biochem.
2007 Sep 19;

Abstract
 
Effects of ritonavir and amprenavir on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers.
Lee GA, Rao M, Mulligan K, et al

AIDS. 2007 Oct;21(16):2183-2190.
Abstract
 
Immunomodulatory effects of two HIV protease inhibitors, Saquinavir and Ritonavir, on lymphocytes
from healthy seronegative individuals.

Delmonte OM, Bertolotto G, Ricotti E, Tovo PA.
Immunol Lett.
2007 Jul 27;
Abstract
 
Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir inhibits cholesterol efflux from human
macrophage-derived foam cells.

Wang X, Mu H, Chai H, et al 
Am J Pathol. 2007 Jul;171(1):304-14
Abstract
 
Ritonavir 100 mg Does Not Cause QTc Prolongation in Healthy Subjects: A Possible Role as
CYP3A Inhibitor in Thorough QTc Studies.
Sarapa N, Nickens DJ, Raber SR, et al 
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
2007 Jun 20;
Abstract

Effects of the ritonavir price increase on the cost of protease inhibitor regimens in United States.
Lee WC, Williams KW, Chen E, et al
Manag Care Interface. 2006 Mar;19(3):27-32

Abstract

Effect of extended exposure to grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 3A activity in humans:
Comparison with ritonavir.

Culm-Merdek KE, von Moltke LL, Gan L 
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
2006 Mar;79(3):243-54.
Abstract
 
The effect of low-dose ritonavir monotherapy on fasting serum lipid concentrations.
Shafran SD, Mashinter LD, Roberts SE. 
HIV Med.
2005 Nov;6(6):421-5.
Abstract
 
CD36 overexpression in ritonavir-treated THP-1 cells is reversed by alpha-tocopherol.
Munteanu A, Zingg JM, Ricciarelli R, Azzi A.et al
Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Apr 15;38(8):1047-56.
Abstract

Animal Studies
 

 
Altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodyamics of repaglinide by ritonavir in rats with healthy, diabetic and impaired hepatic function.
Goud T, Maddi S, Nayakanti D, Thatipamula RP.
Drug Metabol Personal Ther. 2016 May 11
Abstract

Ritonavir inhibits intratumoral docetaxel metabolism and enhances docetaxel antitumor activity in an immunocompetent mouse breast cancer model.
Hendrikx JJ, Lagas JS, Song JY, et al
Int J Cancer. 2015 Aug 21.
Abstract

Role of maraviroc in a dyslipidemic murine model of atherosclerosis RTV-induced.
Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Francisci D, et al

J Int AIDS Soc
. 2012 Nov 11;15(6):18154.
Abstract

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine
pulmonary arteries.

Lü JM, Nurko J, Jiang J,  et a
Med Sci Monit. 2011 Oct 26;17(11):BR312-318.
Abstract

Natural antioxidant dihydroxybenzyl alcohol blocks ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in
porcine pulmonary arteries and human endothelial cells.

Weakley SM, Jiang J, Lu J, et al.
Med Sci Monit
. 2011 Aug 22;17(9):BR235-241.
Abstract

UPLC-MS/MS quantification of nanoformulated ritonavir, indinavir, atazanavir, and efavirenz in
mouse serum and tissues.
Huang J, Gautam N, Bathena SP  J
Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
. 2011 Jul 1

Abstract

HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor, Ritonavir: A Potent Inhibitor of CYP3A4, Enhanced the
Anticancer Effects of Docetaxel in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells In
vitro and In vivo.
I
kezoe T, Hisatake Y, Takeuchi T, et al   
Cancer Res
. 2004 Oct 15;64(20):7426-31

Abstract
 

Ritonavir and dexamethasone induce expression of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in rats.
Perloff MD, Von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ .et al  
Xenobiotica. 2004 Feb;34(2):133-50.
Abstract

Low Systemic Exposure of Oral Docetaxel in Mice  Resulting from Extensive First-Pass
Metabolism Is Boosted by Ritonavir.

Bardelmeijer HA, Ouwehand M, Buckle T, et al.

Cancer Res 2002 Nov 1;62(21):6158-6164
Abstract

Pharmacokinetic interactions between HIV-1 protease inhibitors in rats: study on
combinations of two kinds of HIV-1 protease inhibitors

Shibata N, Matsumura Y, Okamoto H, et al.

J Pharm Pharmacol
2000 Oct;52(10):1239-46

A
bstract

 

In Vitro Studies
 

 
In Vitro Interaction of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir with Herbal Constituents:
Changes in P-gp and CYP3A4 Activity.
Patel J, Buddha B, Dey S, et al   
Am J Ther. 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):262-277.

Abstract
 
Ritonavir-PEG 8000 amorphous solid dispersions: In vitro and in vivo evaluations.
Law D, Schmitt EA, Marsh KC,et al   
J Pharm Sci.
2004 Mar;93(3):563-70.
Abstract
 
Effects of the proteasome inhibitor ritonavir on glioma growth in vitro and in vivo.
Laurent N, de Bouard S, Guillamo JS, et al 
Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Feb;3(2):129-36.
Abstract 
   
  A picomolar inhibitor of resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus protease
identified by a combinatorial approach
.
Rinnova M, Hradilek M, Barinka C, et al.

Arch Biochem Biophys
2000 Oct 1;382(1):22-30

Abstract 

Diagnostics/Monitoring
 

 
Development and validation of a rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of darunavir, ritonavir and tenofovir in human plasma: Application to human pharmacokinetics.
Reddy AV, Jaafar J, Aris AB, et al
J Sep Sci
. 2015 May 18.
Abstract

Development and Validation of a Simple, Sensitive, Selective and Stability-Indicating RP-UPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Ritonavir and Its Related Compounds.
Koppala S, Panigrahi B, Raju SV, et al 
J Chromatogr
Sci
. 2014 Sep 3.
Abstract

Dual quantification of dapivirine and maraviroc in cervicovaginal secretions from ophthalmic tear strips and polyester-based swabs via liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis.
Parsons TL, Emory JF, Seserko LA,  et al
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Sep;98:407-16.
Abstract

Use of Micellar Liquid Chromatography to Analyze Darunavir, Ritonavir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir in Plasma
Peris-Vicente J, Villarreal-Traver M, Casas-Breva I,  et al
J Sep Sci
. 2014 Aug 7.
Abstract

Quantification of cell-associated atazanavir, darunavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz concentrations in human mononuclear cell extracts.
Podany AT, Winchester LC, Robbins BL, Fletcher CV.
A
ntimicrob Agents Chemother
. 2014 May;58(5):2866-7
0
Abstract

Quantitative analysis of the effect of zidovudine, efavirenz, and ritonavir on insulin aggregation by multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares of infrared spectra.
Martí-Aluja I, Ruisánchez I, Larrechi MS
Anal Chim Acta
. 2013 Jan 14;760:16-24
Abstract

Simultaneous Quantitation of HIV-Protease Inhibitors Ritonavir, Lopinavir and Indinavir in Human Plasma
by UPLC-ESI-MS-MS.

Mishra TD, Kurani H, Singhal P, Shrivastav PS.
J Chromatogr Sci
. 2012 May 4.
Abstract

Simultaneous determination of lamivudine, lopinavir, ritonavir, and zidovudine concentration in plasma
of HIV-infected patients by HPLC-MS/MS.
Notari S, Sergi M, Montesano C, Ivanovic J,  et al
IUBMB Life. 2012 Apr 4.
Abstract

Clinical evaluation of the determination of plasma concentrations of darunavir, etravirine,
raltegravir and ritonavir in dried blood spot samples.
Ter Heine R, Mulder JW, van Gorp EC, et al 
Bioanalysis
.
2011 May;3(10):1093-7
Abstract

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for quantification of nevirapine,
indinavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, efavirenz, tipranavir, darunavir
and maraviroc in the plasma of patients infected with HIV.
Martin J, Deslandes G, Dailly E, et al 
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
. 2009 Aug 3
Abstract

Simultaneous liquid chromatographic analysis of ritonavir, quinine and 3-hydroxyquinine
in human plasma.
Soyinka JO, Onyeji CO, Omoruyi SI.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
. 2008 Dec 25.
Abstract 
 

Evaluation of an International Pharmacopoeia method for the analysis of ritonavir by liquid chromatography.
Yekkala RS, Ashenafi D, Mariën I,  et al
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Aug 15.
Abstract 

Clinical ritonavir and lopinavir hypersensitivity confirmed by a specific in vitro cellular
allergen stimulation test.

Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Bergonzi S.
Curr HIV Res. 2007 Jul;5(4):440-2

Abstract


Pharmacokinetics
 

 
Verification of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of ritonavir to estimate drug-drug interaction potential of CYP3A4 substrates.
Umehara KI, Huth F, Won CS, et al
Biopharm Drug Dispos
. 2018 Feb 16.
Abstract

Influence of Low-dose Ritonavir With and Without Darunavir on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Beclomethasone.
Boyd SD, Hadigan C, McManus M,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
. 2013 Mar 26.
Abstract

Darunavir, Ritonavir and Etravirine Pharmacokinetics in the Cervicovaginal Fluid and Blood
Plasma of HIV-Infected Women
Patterson K, Jennings S, Falcon R,  et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
. 2010 Dec 20
Abstract

Ritonavir, Saquinavir and Efavirenz, but not Nevirapine, Inhibit Bile Acid Transport in Human
and Rat Hepatocytes.
McRae MP, Lowe CM, Tian X  ,et al
J Pharmacol Exp
Ther. 2006 May 23;
Abstract
 

The long-term pharmacokinetics and safety of adding low-dose ritonavir to a
nelfinavir 1250 mg twice-daily regimen in HIV-infected patient
ts.Justesen US, Hansen IM, Andersen AB, et al
HIV Med. 2005 Sep;6(5):334-40
Abstract
 
HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir increases endothelial monolayer permeability.
Chen C, Lu XH, Yan S,et al
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
2005 Aug 13;335(3):874-882
Abstract

Development and validation of a population pharmacokinetic model for ritonavir used
as a booster or as an antiviral agent in HIV-1-infected patients.
Kappelhoff BS, Huitema AD, Crommentuyn KM, et al 
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;59(2):174-82
Abstract


Combination Therapies: General Data
 

 
Comparison of the Metabolic Effects of Ritonavir boosted Darunavir or Atazanavir versus Raltegravir, and the Impact of Ritonavir Plasma Exposure: ACTG 5257.
Ofotokun I, Na LH, Landovitz RJ, et al 
Clin Infect Di
s
. 2015 Mar 12.
Abstract

Influence of Low-dose Ritonavir With and Without Darunavir on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Beclomethasone.
Boyd SD, Hadigan C, McManus M,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
. 2013 Mar 26.
Abstract

Predictive Value of Pharmacokinetic-adjusted Phenotypic Susceptibility on Response to Ritonavir-enhanced
Protease Inhibitors (PI) in IN HIV-infected Patients Failing prior HIV therapy.
Eron JJ Jr, Park JG, Haubrich R, et al 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
. 2009 Mar 23
Abstract
 

Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.
Sahali S, Chaix ML, Delfraissy JF, Ghosn J.
AIDS Rev.
2008 Jan-Mar;10(1):4-14.
Abstract

Performance of Six Different Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Heavily
Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-Infected Patients.
Mendoza C, Valer L, Ribera E 
HIV Clin Trials. 2006 Jul-Aug;7(4):163-71
Abstract
 

Ritonavir Increases Plasma Amprenavir (APV) Exposure to a Similar Extent when
Coadministered with
either Fosamprenavir or APV.
Wire MB, Baker KL, Jones LS, et al 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
. 2006 Apr;50(4):1578-80.
Abstract
 
Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, Part 1: strategies for balancing efficacy with
effects on lipids.

Cohen CJ.
AIDS Read. 2005 Sep;15(9):462-5, 470-1, 474, 477.
Abstract 
 
Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor
therapy in HIV-infected patients.
Zeldin RK, Petruschke RA.  
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Dec 4
Abstract 

A review of low-dose ritonavir in protease inhibitor combination therapy.
Cooper CL, Van Heeswijk RP, Gallicano K, Cameron DW.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jun 15;36(12):1585-92.
Abstract 

 

Treatment Strategies
 

 
Co-administration of ticagrelor and ritonavir: Towards prospective dose adjustment to maintain an optimal platelet inhibition using PBPK approach.
Marsousi N, Samer CF, Fontana P, et al
Clin Pharmacol The
r
. 2016 Jun 6.
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE

Moving Away from Ritonavir, Abacavir, Tenofovir, and Efavirenz (RATE) - Agents That Concern Prescribers and Patients: A Feasibility Study and Call for a Trial.
Achhra AC, Boyd MA, Law MG, et al
PLoS One
. 2014 Jun 26;9(6):e99530.
Paper

Influence of Low-dose Ritonavir With and Without Darunavir on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Beclomethasone.
Boyd SD, Hadigan C, McManus M,  et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Mar 26.
Abstract

Cardioprotective effect of ritonavir, an antiviral drug, in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis: a new therapeutic implication.
Gupta P, Kanwal A, Putcha U,  et al
J Transl Med
. 2013 Mar 26;11(1):80.
Abstract

Statin Therapy Decreases Serum Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in HIV-Infected Patients Treated With Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors.
Calza L, Trapani F, Bartoletti M, et al
HIV Clin Trials
. 2012 May-Jun;13(3):153-61.|
Abstract

Ritonavir greatly impairs CYP3A activity in HIV infection with chronic viral hepatitis.
Knox TA, Oleson L, von Moltke LL, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Dec 1;49(4):358-68.
Abstract

 
Randomized Study of Dual Versus Single Ritonavir-Enhanced Protease Inhibitors for Protease
Inhibitor-Experienced Patientswith HIV.

Collier AC, Tierney C, Downey GF, et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2008 Mar-Apr;9(2):91-102
Abstract
 
Ritonavir and disulfiram may be synergistic in lowering active interleukin-18 levels in acute pancreatitis,
and thereby hasten recovery.
Kast RE.  
JOP
. 2008 May 8;9(3):350-3
Abstract
 
Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.
Sahali S, Chaix ML, Delfraissy JF, Ghosn J.

AIDS Rev. 2008 Jan-Mar;10(1):4-14.
Abstract
 
Simplifying the treatment of HIV infection with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in antiretroviral-
experienced patients.

S
cott JD. 
Am J Health Syst Pharm
. 2005 Apr 15;62(8):809-15
Abstract
 
The efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
Stebbing J, Portsmouth S, Nelson M, et al 
Int J Cancer
. 2004 Feb 10;108(4):631-3.
Abstract 

The role of pharmacological enhancement in protease inhibitor-based highly active
antiretroviral therapy.

Becker SL  
Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003 Mar;12(3):401-12
Abstract 

 

Non-HIV Indications
 

 
Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor based therapy: a new strategy in chronic hepatitis C therapy.
Brayer SW, Reddy KR.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr 6:1-12
Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir Inhibits Lung Cancer Cells, in Part,
by Inhibition of Survivin.
Srirangam A, Milani M, Mitra R,  et al
J Thorac Oncol. 2011 Jan 25.
Abstract 

Combination of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Ritonavir is Effective Against
Renal Cancer Cells.
Sato A, Asano T, Horiguchi A, et al
Urology
. 2010 Jul 12.
Abstract 

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Ritonavir blocks AKT signaling, activates apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion
in ovarian cancer cells.

Kumar S, Bryant CS, Chamala S,  et al 
Mol Cancer
. 2009 Apr 22;8(1):26.
Paper|
 

An HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir targets the nuclear factor-kappaB and inhibits the tumor growth
and infiltration of EBV-positive lymphoblastoid B cells.

Dewan MZ, Tomita M, Katano H, et al
Int J Cancer. 2008 Sep 15.
Abstract 

Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir on Akt-Regulated Cell Proliferation in Breast
Cancer.

Srirangam A, Mitra R, Wang M, et al
Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15;12(6):1883-1896

Abstract 
 

The HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir synergizes with butyrate for induction of
apoptotic cell death and mediates expression of heme oxygenase-1 in DLD-1
colon carcinoma cells.
Muhl H, Paulukat J, Hofler S, et al    
Br J Pharmacol.
2004 Oct 25
Abstract 
 
Effects of the proteasome inhibitor ritonavir on glioma growth in vitro and in vivo.
Laurent N, de Bouard S, Guillamo JS, et al  
Mol Cancer Ther
. 2004 Feb;3(2):129-36.
Abstract 



Ritonavir Main Page   Main New/Newsworthy  Home Page    

Ritonavir Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 Main Page